Computers in Sports Essay

PCs in Games and Sports Practically everyone has played games computer games on a PC. It’s amusing to pick a group and perceive how well you can play against a â€Å"virtual† rival. Be that as it may, the utilizations for PCs in different games and sports go a long ways past computer games. On the off chance that you ask a cricket bowler how he tosses a ball, he will be unable to let you know. He may state it’s just â€Å"instinct. † It’s something that easily falls into place for him. The truth of the matter is that there are approaches to assist bowlers with turning out to be better bowlers and batsmen become better hitters. What's more, PCs are significant in getting this going. Cricket players from the significant alliances down to city and school groups would now be able to have their batting and pitching dissected. In the first place, the player’s developments are recorded. At that point, these recorded pictures are moved into a PC. Unique application programming breaks down the pictures. It quantifies the specific edge at which the player is holding his arms and legs. The speed and proficiency of each body development is estimated. This procedure is called movement investigation. One pitch can be contrasted and another. This can be valuable in light of the fact that the bowler can perceive how changes in development influence the outcome, (for example, how quick a ball voyages). A few frameworks can even gauge pitching and hitting movements during a real game. This permits mentors to give prompt input to players. These PC applications likewise can be utilized to think about the developments of two unique players. These correlations, for instance, can help clarify why various players will in general hit the ball in various ways. There are likewise PC applications that assist mentors with monitoring precisely where each ball crosses the pitch. A radar weapon can be connected to the PC to quantify a pitch’s speed. This data is put away in the PC with the goal that the bowler and mentor can consider it later. While movement investigation applications are significant apparatuses, it despite everything takes a decent mentor to realize how to decipher the outcomes. The mentor must gander at the data the application gives and afterward use it to enable the player to improve. Everyone knows how significant insights (or details) are in sports. What number of games has your preferred batsman played for the current year? Which player on the Kolkata Knight Riders has the best batting normal? The amount of insights utilized in sports is gigantic. Without PCs, it would be extremely hard to stay up with the latest. Not exclusively are there group measurements, however there are additionally insights on every individual player. For instance, insights on an individual cricket player may incorporate occasions at bat, batting normal, and number of runs scored b him. Spreadsheet applications are frequently used to monitor measurements. Spreadsheet applications are PC programs that can store and control numbers. For instance, they can locate the normal of a rundown of twenty numbers. Indeed, even little association groups frequently use spreadsheet applications to monitor player insights. Heading off to a cricket arena is practically similar to setting off to the bazaar. There are sausages, popcorn, and a scoreboard complete with a huge TV-like screen. Arenas, for example, the Eden Gardens Kolkata, have extremely complex scoreboards. The new scoreboard is 56 feet tall and 180 feet wide. It incorporates a mammoth screen to add to the energy. The most popular kind of goliath screen is the Sony Jumbotron. The photos on these screens move from the players to the group. They show drawing of the team’s mascot. They may show the words to â€Å"Time Is Up† with the goal that everyone can participate in the singing. These scoreboards and mammoth screens are constrained by a whole gathering of PCs. Every PC supplies the scoreboard with various data. One PC may monitor measurements on specific players, while another might contain business ads. These mammoth screens can even be utilized for instructive purposes. In 2000, the University of Tennessee’s sports and material science divisions consolidated to make a gathering of 60-second recordings. These recordings were appeared on the school’s Jumbotron during home games. The motivation behind the recordings was to show fans the study of football. This was a great method to combine sports and training. Competitors who rely upon speed to win will persevere relentlessly to diminish their occasions. Some Olympic swimmers wear full-body â€Å"skinsuits† so they can coast through the water all the more without any problem. In this way, it shouldn’t be a shock to hear that they use PC applications to improve their velocities. At the U. S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado, mentors utilize a PC application to create flawless swimming strokes. This reproduction programming endeavors to duplicate the manner in which water streams around parts of the swimmer’s body, for example, the arms and hands. The swimmer’s objective is to travel through the water as easily as could reasonably be expected. Water choppiness can back a swimmer off. The application permits the client to change the places of the swimmer’s hands and arms. The client would then be able to perceive how these progressions influence the measure of water disturbance. This data is utilized to structure the best swimming stroke. Mentors would then be able to instruct swimmers to utilize this stroke to get their most noteworthy speed. Reenactment programming has additionally been utilized to configuration dashing yachts. It can help in deciding how to shape the yacht’s body so it travels through the water with minimal measure of obstruction. PCs have numerous different uses at the Olympics. At the 2010 Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah, little PC chips were utilized to follow skiers. A chip was lashed to each skier’s lower leg. Electronic gadgets were covered in the snow along the track. At the point when a skier ignored one of the gadgets, his or his chip sent data to the gadget. This data incorporated the skier’s area, speed, and number. This data was sent to a focal PC. Judges and other Olympic authorities could then gander at it. Would you like to know whether the Kolkata Knight Riders have a home game on July 14? Or then again who the Sri Lanka is playing next Wednesday? Simply go to their Web website. Expert, school, and even some secondary school sports groups have their own WEB SITES. The data accessible on sports teams’ Web locales is astounding. Some of it includes:†¢ Schedules. Game dates and areas are accessible. †¢ Statistics. Regularly updated data on groups and individual players is prepared at whatever point you need it. †¢ Team News. Sites contain mentor and player interviews, data on wounds, etc.

Development of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States Essays

Advancement of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States I. Early History of Anthropology in the United States 1870-1900 â€Å"The underlying foundations of human sciences lie in the observer records of explorers who have traveled to lands on the edges of state-based social orders and portrayed their societies and in the endeavors of people who have examined the data gathered. In the late 1960’s and mid 1970’s, various anthropologists perceived that the act of human studies was personally connected to business and provincial expansion.† (Patterson 1) There were basically three â€Å"schools† of anthropological deduction by the First World War and after. The primary, social determinism, kept up by Franz Boas and his understudies, focused on the interrelation of â€Å"ethnology, semantics, fables, archaic exploration as a self-sufficient scholastic discipline† (Patterson 55). The second was physical human sciences, whose significant defender was Ales Hrdlicka of the National Museum; it focused on science and needed physical human studies to be a particular scholastic order. The third was the selective breeding development, engendered by Charles B Davenport, it kept up that the status of genetic counseling, or racial hierarchization, was a genuine science and attested the matchless quality of White Anglo-Saxon Protestants. Due to page imperatives we won't analyze intently physical humanities, as it isn't totally fundamental in a treatment of the improvement of human studies as an order, yet quickly it is the utilizatio n of organic information and standards to the investigation man in the public arena. Human sciences in the United States in the period promptly following the Revolution and the drafting of the constitution was utilized to satisfy three purposes: (1) produce a national iden... ...f Columbia’s first teachers in human sciences; he utilized his situations at the American Museum of Natural History and Columbia University to prepare an age of anthropologists. Boas, by 1932, had educated a sizeable number of individuals from these underestimated gatherings, who were lumped together as savages or second rate races. We should recollect be that as it may, as Dr. Paterson calls attention to, that, â€Å"Anthropology was professionalized during a period described by extraordinary oppression ethnic minorities, workers, ladies, and poor folks† (65). Works Cited Boas, Franz. â€Å"Report on the Academic Teaching of Anthropology.† In American Anthropologist, 21:41-48, 1919. Kroeber, A.L. â€Å"The Place of Anthropology in Universities.† In American Anthropologist, 56: 754-767, 1954. Patterson, Thomas C. A Social History of Anthropology in the United States. Oxford: Berg, 2001.

Dell essays

Dell expositions SWOT investigation of Dell Computers History: The organization was established in 1984 by Michael Dell, presently the PC business' longest-tenured CEO, on a straightforward idea: that by selling PC frameworks legitimately to clients, Dell could best comprehend their necessities, and give the best figuring answers for address those issues. Today, Dell is upgrading and widening the central upper hands of the immediate model by progressively applying the efficiencies of the Internet to its whole business. Organization income for the last four quarters totaled $19.9 billion. Through the immediate plan of action, Dell offers face to face associations with corporate and institutional clients; phone and Internet buying (the last presently surpassing $18 million every day); altered PC frameworks; telephone and online specialized help; and following day, on location item administration. Dell masterminds framework establishment and the board, guides clients through innovation advances, and giv es a broad scope of different administrations. The organization structures and redoes items and administrations to the necessities of the associations and people buying them, and sells a broad choice of fringe equipment and registering programming. About 66% of Dell's business are to huge enterprises, government offices and instructive foundations. Dell additionally serves medium and independent companies and home-PC clients. Dell's Unique Direct Model: Dell's honor winning client assistance, industry-driving development and reliably solid budgetary execution separate the organization from contenders for the accompanying reasons: Price for Performance With the business' most effective obtainment, assembling and dissemination process, Dell offers its clients incredible, luxuriously designed frameworks at serious costs. Customization Every Dell framework is worked to arrange. Clients get precisely what they need. Unwavering quality, Service and Su... <! dell expositions Dell Computer Corp. was established in 1984 by Michael S. Dell. After four years in 1988, Dell turned into a traded on an open market organization with 3.5 million offers at $8.50 each. Four additional years after the fact, Dell was positioned in the Fortune 500 list with Michael Dell as the most youthful CEO to be positioned on this rundown. In 1996 Dells stock raises to about $100 per share pre-part. After one year this number is duplicated by 10 and stock is up to an alarming $1000 an offer pre-part. Date Event Per-Share Price Presplit Stock Price June 22, 1988 Initial Public Offering $8.50 April 9, 1992 Three-for-Two Split 25.81 38.72 Oct. 27, 1995 Two-for-One Split 45.00 135.00 Dec. 6, 1996 Two-for-One Split 56.75 340.50 July 25, 1997 Two-for-One Split 81.50 978.00 Walk 6, 1998 Two-for-One Split 69.25 1,662.00 Sept. 4, 1998 Two-for-One Split 54.75 2,628.00 Walk 5, 1999 Two-for-One Split 43.03 4,131.00 Jan. 28, 2000 Close of Last Quarter 37.25 3,576.00 Likewise in 1997, Internet deals came to $1 million every day. In 1999, an insignificant a long time since the beginning of this organization, Internet deals reach $35 million every day. Dell Computer Corp. is positioned No, 4 in the Fortune 500 positioning, and Wall Street named it the No. 1 return in absolute return financial specialists in the course of the last three, five, and ten years. Additionally in the previous 15 years Dell Computers all out deals have developed from $6 million to $23.6 billion! Since 1995 Dell stock has had a moderate however consistent increment: The best six contenders to Dell are Compaq Computer Corp., Gateway Inc., Apple Computer Inc., Micron Electronics Inc., Bitwise Designs Inc., Paravant Inc., and Hertz Technology Group. Dell Computer Corp. is worth around multiple times the measure of its nearest rival, Compaq Computer Corp. DELL COMPUTER CORP DELL $120,402,198 COMPAQ COMPUTER CORP CPQ $44,785,125 Mac COMPUTER INC AAPL $19,722,642 MICRON ELECTRONICS INC MUEI $1,709,236 B... <!

Cognitive-Enhancing Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Subjective Enhancing Drugs - Essay Example How the Drug Works Cognitive medications upgrade the psychological elements of an individual fundamentally. This works when a human brain’s synapse is animated causing a response. Dopamine is discharge in enormous amounts by neurons making a human mind be increasingly dynamic in recalling data, and consideration and believing is upgraded by the utilization of these medications. Subjective medications were made for assisting with restoring mental clutters. A typical case of such issue is AHDH, which is a psychological issue normal in newborn children. Psychological medications like Ritalin are utilized to keep the infants from harming themselves because of their condition. This medications help in controlling hyperactivity among the newborn children. Unsafe Effects Cognitive-improving medications are hurtful to the understudies and, hence, the utilization of these medications ought to be blocked. Suitable activities ought to be set to assist the general public with understandin g the impacts of these medications by acquainting alterations with direct their utilization in University grounds. The physician recommended medications should just be utilized for their proposed work and that is to fix mental disarranges. The utilization of these medications ought to be disheartened to shield the strength of understudies and shielded from the negative impacts of potential maltreatment. Accordingly, a strategy limiting its utilization ought to be set up, since the medications are fundamental in the fix of mental illnesses, for example, the ADHD in newborn children. They ought not be completely restricted, however improvements to be accessible, simultaneously dealing with the dangers. There numerous dangers that are related with the maltreatment of subjective improvement sedates that understudies purchase and sell in the United States. The Ritalin and Adderall drugs are recommended for the treatment of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They affect catecholamine frameworks by expanding intellectual elements of the patients; the ordinary individuals who are sound, when they utilize these medications, they improve their capacity to concentrate better, just as controlling the data into a working memory, and to control the reactions in an adaptable manner. Understudy likewise use medications, for example, Modalfinil, to improve their subjective capacities since it has indicated the upgrade potential. Modalfinil treats exhaustion, which is brought about by rest apnoea (Greely, 2008). The examination has likewise demonstrated that there are some different impacts brought about by the medication. Modalfinil improves a few parts of the mind work that hap pens in the refreshed grown-ups who are solid, for the most part inhibitory control. The dangers of these medications utilized by the understudies in the US influences their psychological as well as physical wellbeing. These medications will in general modify the cerebrum capacity of the individuals who take them. An as of late completed research shows that, there are neural framework changes, which are induced by rest and sustenance. There are some perplexing organs of the people which are likewise influenced by utilization of such medications. Nonetheless, in youngsters, an issue about the medication is brought up in that it is identified with some hurtful consequences for children’s cerebrum. Advantages of Cognitive-improving medications There are a few advantages that are related with the utilization of subjective upgrading drugs, for the most part in schools and different associations. In unique cases, understudies and managers should be permitted to utilize the medicati ons to accomplish pharmaceutical improvement in instances of mental issue. This empowers the understudy to contend reasonably with typical understudies

Exam Question and Answer on Market Segmentation

QUESTION AND ANSWER ON MARKET SEGMENTATION Salim Brommer is the Marketing Director of Ashkol Furniture Supplies, a medium-sized organization which has some expertise in assembling office furniture. The organization makes its items in India, so profiting by moderately low work costs. Notwithstanding, it has as of late experienced serious rivalry from providers who have even lower cost bases. Salim has concluded that his organization will profit on the off chance that he centers around those clients who can give higher overall revenues. He has chosen to target residential clients in Europe.Increasingly, private family units, especially those with PCs, are changing over extra rooms into office-style territories. Furthermore there has been an observable pattern towards telecommuting. This spares bosses bringing about the expenses of office arrangement, and furthermore representatives save money on movement and can likewise work now and again helpful to themselves. Be that as it may, Ashk ol has no understanding of managing these kinds of clients. The organization now needs to build up an appropriate advertising system to prevail in this new zone and keep up a manageable serious advantage.Required: a. Utilizing a reasonable model of your decision, build up an advertising approach which Salim may use to enter this new market. b. Clarify how Salim could choose proper objective markets and position his items to make and continue upper hand. Recommended Answer Salim needs to build up an advertising technique for passage into the household showcase in Europe. This can be accomplished by taking a gander at the components that make up the advertising blend: item, value, spot and advancement. Picking a showcasing mixThe structure of the promoting blend ought to be chosen the premise of the board instinct and judgment, together with data gave by statistical surveying. Components in the showcasing blend incompletely fill in for one another and they should be coordinated. The i tem should be situated to engage the objective client. For instance, Ashkol would battle to build up an extravagance brand picture on the off chance that they set cost at a low, entrance level. Item The physical item should be suitable for the private family unit market.Office furniture may have an altogether different style to family unit furniture, so an alternate methodology may should be taken to the structure of the item so as to make it engaging for the local purchaser. A client will possibly get one of Salim’s items on the off chance that they show signs of improvement bargain from getting it than from purchasing any of the other options. This features the idea of the items in the new range should fulfill the needs of the new objective market. Territories to consider here are configuration (size, shape) and highlights. For instance, it might should be littler and made of better quality material.The space accessible in local settlement is probably going to be very limit ed, so some standard things may not sell well essentially in light of the fact that they are excessively huge. Multi-reason things, for example, work areas that join recording drawers and PC screen stands might be required. Spot Place manages how the item is appropriated, and how it arrives at its clients. Setting up a reasonable conveyance framework will be one of Salim’s biggest assignments. His items are cumbersome and will in this way must be shipped by transport from India to Europe, presumably in cargo compartments, which will force a base financial size of shipment.Distribution Channels Serious thought should be given to how clients will have the option to view, arrange and get conveyance of the items. Furniture showrooms are fundamentally huge regions and should be in territories where clients will be pulled in. Regardless of whether selling is by post office based mail or over the Internet, there will be presumably must be a stockroom to get mass shipments from India , separate them and dispatch singular requests. This has significant cost suggestions maybe counterbalancing the cost reserve funds from less expensive labour.These contemplations alone may push Salim towards a co-employable endeavor with an European specialist who knows the market and is set up to take on the selling and appropriation task. Advancement includes stimulating consideration, creating enthusiasm, rousing want and starting activity. Showcasing correspondence engaged with this could be publicizing, advertising, direct selling or deals advancement. A furniture showroom would be a piece of this yet a more extensive methodology will be required. The objective market is individuals telecommuting and the special strategies utilized ought to be fitting to this market.Types of advancement * Direct advancement by means of mailing records might be proper, in spite of the fact that since Salim has no involvement with this market, he would most likely need to purchase the rundown wh ich may make this a costly alternative. * There are various home style magazines in which adverts can be put. * The Internet is an indispensable piece of the life of individuals telecommuting and its potential for advancement ought to be completely used, maybe by setting up a committed site. Arranging and planning the promoting correspondence exertion will more likely than not require contribution from somebody acquainted with the European market.Price is the last component of the showcasing blend and is a significant sign to clients about the item. It is significant that the cost ought to be serious so Salim ought to explore the costs being charged by contenders who have comparable item runs. Cost ought to likewise demonstrate the nature of the item so Salim should choose if he needs to create a choice range or an increasingly essential model. Limits and installment terms should be considered as a potential method for pulling in clients particularly in the underlying beginning up p eriod of the new product offering. Part (b)Because of restricted assets, rivalry and enormous markets, associations are not typically ready to sell with equivalent productivity and accomplishment to each market portion. It is important to choose target markets. An objective market is an especially alluring fragment that will be presented with a particular promoting blend. While Salim’s items may have some application for business clients, he plans to offer then to clients, who will see them as shopping merchandise. These merchandise have a higher unit esteem than accommodation merchandise and are purchased less as often as possible, as a rule after some idea and thought have been expended.Salim should attempt to determine the fragment of the client showcase into which he wishes to sell his items with some consideration, since this will impact significant choices pretty much all the components of the advertising blend, including such things as item configuration, promoting int erchanges, cost and dispersion techniques. Kotler recognized six stages: Step 1-Identify division factors and fragment the market Step 2-Develop portion profiles Steps 1 and 2 are in division Step 3-Evaluate that appeal of each section Step 4-Select the objective segment(s)Steps 3 and 4 are in focusing on Step 5-Identify situating ideas for each target fragment Step 6 †Select create and convey the picked idea Steps 5 and 6 are in situating Segmentation factors fall into few classes. Geological division is exceptionally basic, yet can helpfully be joined with socio-segment division. Psychographic division did not depend on target information to such an extent as how individuals see themselves and their abstract emotions and perspectives towards a specific item or administration, or towards life in general.The conduct approach portions purchasers into bunches dependent on their mentalities to and utilization of the item, and the advantages they hope to get. Both of these techniqu es are generally valuable for accommodation merchandise and are not, consequently liable to be helpful to Salim. Most likely, the best division approach for Salim is socio-segment division, which depends on social, financial and segment factors, for example, instruction, salary, occupation, family size and social class.Much work has just been done on this methodology, in the ACORN framework, for instance, and Salim would have the option to purchase in the fundamental data he needs. Section Validity A market fragment might be legitimate on the off chance that it merits planning and building up a novel showcasing blend for that particular portion. Salim should make certain of a few things about his picked target showcase: Is it sufficiently huge to be beneficial? Does this section react contrastingly in the promoting blend than another fragment? Would he be able to arrive at the potential clients? Could the portion be reached profitably?Is the fragment stable enough to legitimize asse ts being spent on it? Will it empower him to expand on the company’s qualities? Inward Analysis It is imperative to survey organization qualities while assessing allure and focusing on a market. This can help decide the proper procedure; in light of the fact that once the appeal of each distinguished fragment has been surveyed it tends to be considered alongside relative qualities to decide the potential points of interest the association would have. Along these lines, favored portions can be focused on. Item PositioningIt is far-fetched that Salim will have the option to recognize a market fragment where there is no immediate contender, so it will be important to situate the product offering so as to make of some type of item separation. The point is to cause the client to see the item as not quite the same as its rivals. A guide to this is to attempt to distinguish holes in the market by considering the blend of the item characteristics, for example, value, applications, cl ients, events for use and explicit parts of value might be attracted to refine information on item position.

Reference Table 8-1 In The Text For Your Review Criteria - 1650 Words

Reference Table 8-1 In The Text For Your Review Criteria (Essay Sample) Content: Business managementProfessorCourse nameStudents nameDate of submissionPAPER TWOQuestion 1What minimum requirements for ethics and compliance programs do you identify as Monsanto having implemented? (Reference Table 8-1 in the text for your review criteria)According to the Monsanto program on the business management and ethics it states some of the minimum requirements for ethics and compliance program for the employees and the employer for them to have smooth. They include integrity, honesty, decency, courage, consistency and transparency. For the employees are required to be honesty, through this there will be no cheating in the business premises hence leading to mass production and better output. Employees also should be courageous while facing their managers and also their fellow workmates. According to Monsanto he has implemented this ethics for example the code of ethic honesty it is clear in that it shows how the employees should expose themselves and being able to be honest to one another. Another ethics Transparency which involves the employees having openness while they are in their working destinations and also when handling critical issues with their managers. Beneficial is another code of ethics as per the Monsanto program and it is implemented in the business management. Through providing services that are of importance to the both customers and the environment they are operating at.Respect is another ethical value that is very vital in the Monsanto program of ethics and compliance. It is through being respectful to one another in the business will ensure smooth flow of activities in the business activities that will yield high profits. Through this it will help in the achieving the set goals of the enterprise and also in the ensuring wellbeing of each member in the work place.*If Monsanto has developed and implemented a code of ethics, explain what steps leadership has taken towards this goal. (Reference Table 8-4 in the text for your review criteria)According to Monsanto, he has developed and implemented a code of ethics. There are steps that should be followed by the leaders according to the Monsanto to achieve the set goals of certain business unit. Firstly, they should be respectful to the employees through this it will bring unity amongst the employees and the leaders themselves. Another step is practicing transparency, this will be through leaders being open and always near for the employees complaints. By giving them what they require as workers this will help achievement of the goals of that business organization. Thirdly, caring is another code of ethic that will enable the leaders in attaining their set goals, this will be through listening to the customers complaints, and solving them accordingly. Another way of being caring is through giving and paying overtime to the workers this will help in the setting a foundation for the achievement of goals of the business organization.Through caring it wil l help in attainment of set goals, simply it motivates workers for example when they are promoted or they are added their salaries. Through offering them, incentives it will also be a step of the helping leaders in attaining the set goal of the companies.What key goals of a successful ethics training program do you find Monsanto pursuing, if any? (Reference Table 8-5 in the text for your review criteria)In the case of Monsanto there are some key goals for the successful ethics training program, which they include the providing industry specific ethics training, this is where the ethical issues of different companies differ so in the Monsanto has to set the best specific ethics that will help in achieving the set goals. Monsanto has specified his ethical issues pertaining the business organization. One of the goals of the Monsanto ethical training program is to ensure better services and goods of high quality above all other competitors. Another key goal of the successful ethical tra ining and compliance is ensuring diversity of people and thought through proper training it will help in the setting a good foundation of employees and also providing a conducive environment for the working of the workers.Another goal is helping in making wise decision to employees this will help in the ensuring sustainable and smooth flow of activities in the business premises. Building strong relationships with their customers and external partners through this it will help in the attainment of these goals of the business. This is through the listening to customers complaints and treating them with care. Through the successful training it will help in the creating clarity of direction, roles and responsibility among the employees.What practices, if any, has Monsanto implemented to improve organizational risk management? (Reference Table 9-2 in the text for your review criteria)Yes they are, according to Monsanto he has adopted to some practices that have resulted at improving orga nizational risk management, they include; creating the right culture in the business organization. In this it is widely practiced in the Monsanto, through this the he responds to the mistakes from the employees without blaming anyone but instead he tries to learn from the m mistakes committed by the employees. Creating a culture where learning not valued and self-preservation to be the prevailing mode of behavior this will lead at improving organizational risk management.Another practice that is clarifying responsibilities and rules in the business unit will help at improving the organizational risk management. Through this it will help by putting the workers at work without delays hence leads to improvement in organizational risk management.If Monsanto has implemented the framework for an ethics audit, describe the actions the leadership has taken in this implementation. (Reference Table 9-4 in the text for your review criteria)The actions that the leadership according to Monsanto has taken pertaining the framework for an ethical audit include setting rules and regulation that govern the accountants in the business management this will help in guiding the accountants in performing their duties in better way. Another way is ensuring there is qualified staff in the auditing sector this will; help in implementation of the framework for an ethical audit. Through criteria of using Monsantos ethical auditing plan is well applicable in the current firms.*What roles and functions of risk, management, and compliance do you identify when reviewing Monsanto? (Reference Table 9-2 in the text for your review criteria and address each item in this model that applies to Monsanto in your paper)The roles and functions of risks as per the mansonta include, examining the use of the realistic and the cost-effective opportunities that balance retention programs with commercial insurance through it helps in planning for the cases like loss in the business this will help in preven ting incoming danger for fear of loss. Another role of risk is to provide for the establishment and mantainence of records that include insurance policies, claims and loss experiences. Another function of risk is to provide the methodology that helps in identifying and analyzing the financial impact of loss to the organizations, employees, the public and the environment. From the table also there is another role of risk and management that helps in controlling the budget and the financial activities of the business proceedings.Compliance from the table is well seen in the case where the employees are respectful to the rules and the regulations that are set according to the Monsanto article. Another way in which compliance is seen in the M...

Adam Smith and Mercantilists Essay - 275 Words

Adam Smith and Mercantilists (Essay Sample) Content: Adam Smith and MercantilistsStudentInstitutionAdam Smith and MercantilistsThe nature and wealth of nations has been viewed in different perspectives by different economist who lived in differed periods of time. Economists have continually attempted to develop the best systems necessary for increasing the levels of the wealth of nations. One of the renowned economist who explored much into the study of the nature and the wealth of nations is Adam Smith. Adam Smith developed various policies which he believed were the causes of the wealth of nations. However, some countries did not adopt Smiths principles rather they employed mercantilisms, for instance, Britain in the years between 16th and 18th centuries. Adam smith and mercantilists held some common and also different views on the nature and causes of wealth of nations.Mercantilism dominated the European Economic arena in the years between 16th and 18th centuries. The economic doctrines developed by the Mercantilists formed the foundation for the modern economic principles. Adam smith is also an economic legends who is remembered for his struggle for free markets and trades.According to the Mercantilists, one of the ways of achieving economic prosperity in any nation is the maximization of the net exports and minimization of imports. These economist maintained that nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s wealth can be measured based on the quantity of gold possessed in the particular nation. If a country has large quantity of gold, then it stands taller being better off in terms of wealth stock. The reasons as to why mercantilism was associated with maximization of exports was to ensure increase in the net inflow of foreign exchange. In contrast, according to Adam Smith, wealth of nations are measured in terms of money. Smith hold that money is generated by fixed assets. In this case, for an asset to qualify to be a fixed asset, it must provide consumables for the human capital and also provides means of maintaini ng the physical assets. However, subsistence consumables and resources expend for maintenance of the physical asset are not measure of wealth.The mercantilists stand hat that the key indicator of the level of wealth in any particular nation is the quantity of available gold and silver suffered criticism form Adam Smith. Adam smith was totally opposed to this view arguing that the use of availability of gold and silver in measuring wealth of nations limited the potential of real wealth. Adam Smith maintained that Wealth is determined by the annual produce of labor of the society and also land.Also mercantilists held that one of the ways of ensuring increase the level wealth was restriction of trade. This type of economic system was confirmed to have led to inflations, slow economic growth and development and also limited trade in Britain in 17th century. In contrast, Adam smith held that free trade, without government interference would lead to achievement of true national wealth . Free market also was essential since it would benefit all classes of people without favoring privileged merchants.Mercantilists hold that the cause of wealth of nations was application of government regulations which include restriction of prices and exports. For instance, in 16th century, the British parliament, which practiced Mercantilism, enacted and passed laws that issued regulations to the free trade. The restrictions were manifested through imposing high import duties and issued subsidies to certain firms. Also the same parliament passed law that would grant monopolist some companies for instance, the East India Company. Adam Smith was opposed to this type of market control and he termed it as biased. Instead, he viewed that, the true cause of wealth of national was to adopt public works. For instance, the constructions and maintenance of infrastructures such as roads, bridges, canals, harbors and postal systems would promote flow of commerce.Mercantilists encouraged confl icts and wars. They viewed wars and conflicts as an opportunity for making wealth since it leads to raise the interest+rates at which they would lend to the government and the invaded lands. They believed that this was one of the causes of wealth. Contrary to this view, Adam Smith, hold that wars and conflicts was a waste of money and leads to public debts. Smith hold that Public debt diminishes investments since the funds that would have been spent on investment sector were diverted to repaying debts.Mercantilists never created good relationship with labors, rather they were interested in exploiting them. They believed in full employment as a way of ensuring increase in wealth. According to one of the Mercantilist, William Petyt, as "capital material à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ raw and undigested à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ committed into the hands of supreme authority, in whose prudence and disposition it is to improve, manage, and fashion it to more or less advantage." (Heckscher, 1955). One of the factors whi ch manifested their labor exploitation is their dislike of holidays for workers. The mercantilists were wealth incentive but not considered of the welfare of the employees. Mercantilists issued fixed wage rate, without allowing the market forces of demand and supply of labor to determine the wage rate. The overexploitation of workers and low wages rates lead to high rate of unemployment and severe shortage of labor in various sectors. Many persons who were willing to deliver their labor services begun being discontent with the labor regulations hence shied away the labor markets. Additionally, the employers who paid their workers above the ceiling wage rates were fined. This was greatly experienced in Britain in 17th century. The mercantilists hold that the minimization of wage rate would lead to accumulation of wealth since it minimized the cost. On the other hand, Adam Smith never developed a defined wage theory but he tried to modify theories that had been postulated by other ec onomists. He maintained a view that wages are determined by the law of supply and demand. According to his view, the supply in the labor market is the force which drives the wage rates to minimum levels. However, in his book, Wealth of nations, Smith argues that the salaries paid to the workers must be enough to enable them cater for their basic needs and that of their families. Additionally, as far as labor service is concerned, Adam smith held that specialization in the production arena is a crucial factor which increases the levels of production. Therefore, he argues that, oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s area of operation should match the field of expertize or professionalism. In regard to this, he advocated for providing education to the youths in order to improve their skills necessary for quality and quantity productivity. In trying to make this approach more practical he demonstrated an example of a pin factory in accordance with his personal view. In his example, one worker run all the o perations necessary to make a single pin. The worker doing the all activities could not produce more than 20 in one day. In the same pin factory, ten workers, working at the same rate could produce 200 pins the same way. However If the 10 workers are organized based on their specialization for instance, wi...

Freud s Theory Of Moral Sentiments - 1782 Words

In his The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud explains how psychoanalysis is used to examine the unconscious mind. Freud explains that there is a force, that he calls repression, which sends disruptive thoughts into the unconscious. In Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith has a concept of self-deceit which implies a division of the mind. Smith believes the mind has a moral sense, a mental faculty can inform the individual what is morally right and wrong and through the observation of other peoples’ actions. Smith’s moral sense seems to be part of an implicit unconscious because it seems to have an objective understanding of moral right or wrong, but the individual still falls victim to self-deceit despite†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"We do not derive the psychic fission from a congenital lack of capacity on the part of the mental apparatus†¦ but we explain it dynamically by the conflict of opposing mental forces, we recognize in it the result of an active striving of each mental complex against the other† (ODP 219). Freud views the conflict in the mind as a conflict fundamentally of the forces of the opposing desires in the mind, and the opposing mental complexes that are formed from these opposing desires do not necessarily include either the conscious or unconscious mind as a part of them. However, the mental complex of the desires which are repressed into the unconscious mind becomes part of the conscious mind, therefore, the unconscious mind works to antagonize the conscious mind because it consists of the mental complex of antagonizing ideas that cause hysteria. Freud’s unconscious is in a way stronger than Freud’s conscious because the unconscious has more influence on the behavior of the individual in cases of hysteria. To deal with the unconscious thoughts which cause hysteria, the patient requires the outside help of the psychotherapist—the patient cannot deal with these thoughts on their own. â€Å"If this repressed material is once more made part of the conscious mental functions†¦the psychic conflict which then arises, the same which the patient wished to avoid, is madeShow MoreRelatedThe Dynamic Relationship Between Family Socialization And Student Achievement Levels1381 Words   |  6 Pagescore values rarely change greatly from what they were as a child. Sigmund Freud, a world renowned social scientist was the first to person to develop a working theory that addressed this issue. He believed that our personality is developed from and throughout the processes of socialization. â€Å"According to Sigmund Freud, human personality is complex and has more than a single component. In his famous psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality is composed of three elements. These three elementsRead Moreis poverty the main factor affect crime5090 Words   |  21 Pagescorrelation of poverty with crime . According to mainstream media under/working class citizens are more exposed towards crime, many theories of crime are based on national statistics with are taking out every year. According to official data the working class group are more likely to commit crimes then the middle class, sociologist have taken these figures and came up with theories on the case. Sociologist are beginning to seriously question if poverty is the main factor by using correctional data , thisRead MoreEthological Theory of Human Instinct3709 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Human Instinct: From C.S. Lewis, Freud and Evolutionists Point Of Views Introduction In this dissertation was shall examine the ethological theory of instinct, and see whether it applies at the human level. From its early history, ethnology has focused on the concept of human instinct, and Lorenz is credited with reviving the term following its demise due to withering criticism in the 1920s and 1930s. Prior to Lorenz, the term instinct had been used in contradictory, inconsistent and experimentallyRead MoreA Psychological Reading of A Rose for Emily Essay2883 Words   |  12 PagesFreud and Faulkner A psychoanalytic Reading of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Abstract Undoubtedly Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. He was an influential thinker of the early twentieth century who elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system and the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. Freud articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression and he proposed tripartiteRead MoreFamily Tradition and Theories4437 Words   |  18 Pages Family Tradition and Theories Author’s Name Institution Family Tradition and Theories My family lives in the middle East and it consists of my grandfather Mansour, grandmother Fahiama, my father Amer, my mother Nada, my 17 years old sister Mariyah, my 23 years old brother Abdullah, my aunt, uncle and I. Our family tradition is taking breakfast together every Friday. Every member of the family ought to be present at the breakfast table no matter the time he or she sleptRead MoreAlice s Journey Down The Rabbit Hole2147 Words   |  9 Pages Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll endures as one of the most iconic children s books of all time. It remains one of the most ambiguous texts to decipher as Alice s adventures in Wonderland have created endless critical debate as to whether we can deduce any true literary meaning, or moral implication from her journey down the rabbit hole. Alice s station as a seven year old Victorian child creates an interesting construct within the novel as she attempts to navigate this magical parallel plainRead MoreTheoretical Integrative Paper3776 Words   |  15 Pagesinformation in order to deliver a synthesis that would be authentic and valid for the type of personality I have and also where I am at currently in life. With that said, I have been able to display the likelihood of a mixture of the previous three theories mentioned above that will be able to help me with my patients that I will have down the road. Human Nature The humans as a whole have been able to lead obviously different lives comparing to those of the other kinds of animals, bearing in mindRead MoreCriticism on Moral Development Theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Bandura and Providing a New Model for Research in Iranian Students Moral Development5918 Words   |  24 PagesCriticism on moral development theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Bandura and providing a new model for research in Iranian students moral development Hossein Lotfabadi, Ph. D.1 Abstract Its been years in the psychology and assessment of moral development that theories of genetic epistemology and social behaviorism (which are based on Piaget, Kohlberg, and Banduras approaches) have been in the center of attention for the psychologists and education experts and have been used by the educationalRead MoreEssay about Toward a Definition of Modernism2672 Words   |  11 Pagesenergy that erupted when the modernists burst on to the scene. Therefore, against a hypothesis that insists that for a work to be considered modernist, it must find traditional forms incapable of expressing â€Å"new† or particularly twentieth-century sentiments, and thereby must self-consciously experiment with new forms, I will examine three seminal twentieth-century operas: Strauss/Wilde’s Salome (1905), Berg’s Wozzeck (1917-21), and Brecht/Weill’s The Threepenny Opera (1926). There is little doubtRead More Overview of Behavioral Economics Essay2366 Words   |  10 Pageson the decision making of the economy. This tends to be the way that people think and feel when they are spending money on a certain good or service. The great economist Adam Smith was the first follower of this idea through his book â€Å"The theory of moral sentiments† which dates back to 1759. However, it took over 100 years to get a more clarified meaning of how big of a role the psychology of a buyer plays in economics. In behavioural economics there are seven basic principles which all contribute

The Right Of Physician Assisted Suicide - 1968 Words

The Right to Physicians Assisted Suicide Brittany Micceri Dominican College Dr. Bonk November 15, 2015 The Right To Physician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide, or PAS, has always been a very controversial topic. This touches upon the healthcare side of the large spectrum of social problems today in America. An individuals view on this issue might vary depending on their political ideology. Modern conservatives might not necessarily agree with physician assisted suicide because of their traditional beliefs and values. Conservatives might say it is wrong because it goes against the teachings of the bible which states a life is created at the moment of conception and is always precious.†¦show more content†¦These states include Vermont, Washington, New Mexico, Montana, and Oregon. Euthanasia is similar to the practice of physician assisted suicide, except instead of the physician ending the patients life, as preformed in euthanasia, the patient does it on his or her own. At the patients request, a certified physician may help a patient end their life pain free and peacefully. This process however can only be requested by a patient if they are in extreme pain and suffering, and especially if they have a terminal illness. While gathering and reviewing research I discovered an interesting statistic. According to the website Edlink an informational site about issues related to PAS which is hosted by Northwestern University, â€Å"57% of physicians practicing today have received a request for physician assisted suicide in some form or another† (Physician-Assisted Suicide - Introduction). Thats over half of all physicians. I as a liberal, believe everyone should have the right to physician assisted suicide. Some people in society claim that PAS is only socially acceptable if a patient is terminally ill or is in painful suffering. In addition, it is a physicians moral imperative to ease a patients suffering which if the patient requests, could mean ending their life. The argument of PAS relies a lot on the patient’s respect for themselves, which identifies the rights of capable patient’s to decide how and when their death should occur when they are suffering

The Impact of Greek Mythology on Western Culture - 5592 Words

I. Background Information of Greek Mythology Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to, and study, the myths, in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece, its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself. And Greek mythology is embodied in a large collection of narratives, and implicitly in Greek representational arts, such as vase-paintings and votive gifts. Greek myth attempts to explain the origins of the†¦show more content†¦The heroes are like other human beings but have either done something which makes them excel over others or have a gift that others do not possess. On the other hand the mythological creatures are mainly like animals and monsters. Many have characteristics like an animal or a monster along with a few human features. Few of them possess supernatural powers too. In myths we come across many names of gods and goddesses and strange creatures. All of them have many stories related to them. Different gods represent different aspects of life and the Earth is under their control. Now I will illustrate some of the gods and creatures in Greek Mythology. Zeus, he was the king of the gods and the supreme ruler of people. He originally was a god of the sky. In time, the Greeks regarded him as the only god who concerned him-self with the whole universe. They also associated Zeus with justice and believed that he punished the wicked and rewarded the good. He belonged to the race of Titans, and was the son of Cronus and Rhea. After overthrowing Cronus, Zeus took his fathers place and ruled from Mount Olympus. He headed a family of twelve major gods, called the Olympians. Apollo, he was an important god in Greek and Roman mythology. In Greek myths he was the son of Zeus - the king of all gods. Apollo was the god of light, purity, and the sun. The Greeks andShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Ancient Greek Mythology on Modern Society Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greek society fell over 2000 years ago but despite this, its mythology still continues to influence our western society. References to Greek mythology can be found all through time and in our western culture. The influence of Greek mythology can be found in our science, arts and literature and our language. When Ancient Greece fell to the Roman Empire, Rome adapted its mythologies which still influence us today as they have through history. That is not to say that Greek mythology wasn’t influencedRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s The Lion King1055 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern era s most famous books and movies trace back to the Greek myths. Medicines are named after the character s of famous myths. Businesses choose the names of their companies and products from the ancient myths, lores, and various deities. Everyday phrases reference the centuries-old stories. Today, Greek mythology can be found in modern medicine, businesses, and language. Names of various Greek deities and other symbols from mythology have maneuvered their way into modern medicine. MorphineRead MoreGreek Mythology : The Origin Of The Stars And Sky1528 Words   |  7 PagesGreek mythology was very important in many cultures throughout the world and was utilized to clarify the earth and its circumstances in which mankind lived, the normal wonders they identified and how constellations explained the why the movement of the stars and sky were important in the lives of the Greeks. Greek mythology contained information about the livelihood of these gods and goddesses, humankind after death and simply how to live a joyous life. The geography of Greece also shaped Greek mythologyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Ancient Greece1107 Words   |  5 Pagescity states. Mythology was very huge in Ancient Greece. There are so many different folktales and myths from Ancient Greece. Do you ever wonder if any of those ancient Myth’s were true? Ever believe that those myths still help shape society today? 1. Burrell, Roy. The Greeks. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. This book explains how the Minoans helped influence Ancient Greek mythology in many ways. Most people believe that the Ancient Greece used the Minoans and their culture to help shapeRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1693 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The ancient Greeks were a deeply religious people. They worshipped many gods whom they believed appeared in human form and yet were endowed with superhuman strength and ageless beauty. The Iliad and the Odyssey, our earliest surviving examples of Greek literature, record men s interactions with various gods and goddesses whose characters and appearances underwent little change in the centuries that followed. The Greeks attributed these epic narratives to Homer, a poet living at the end of the 8thRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe889 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantlyRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe883 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantly onRead MoreCultural Context Of The Temple Of Athena1745 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the influence of culture to a classic building Liujingya 2016-4-21 6714415 â€Æ' Contents ï  ¬ Introduction ï  ¬ Main body 1. Establishment of the temple 2. Related politics and art 3. Culture development ï  ¬ Conclusion Cultural influence of the temple of Hera It is very clear that ancient buildings can be a part of the evidence to show what happed in the history. As a part of ancient culture, architectural languages have the significant vale in both culture and construction. The templeRead MoreOrder From Chaos : Analyzing And Evaluating The Hellenic Creation Myth Through The Lens Of Biblical Tradition1384 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical Tradition Greek mythology is often understood through the lens of analyzing a dead religion; it is assumed that the influence of such myths is passive and fixed, only effecting the lives of those already long gone, whereas the very nature of such myths is to be active, dynamic, and illuminative. I, like many others with Greek heritage, rarely engage actively with the ancient Hellenic myths. Despite this, it is valuable to understand their place in the broader western culture as a counterpointRead More Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pageshas ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the government, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was founding in 753 B.C. by two brothers Remus and Romulus who were raised by wolves. The two brothers started fighting over the leadership of the land. Eventually Romulus killed

Gang Leader for a Day Essay - 2388 Words

Gang Leader For A Day SECTION 1 1.) How would you respond if a graduate student from an elite university turned up at your door and announced his intention to study you? If a graduate student from an elite university showed up at my door with intentions to study me, I think that I would allow him access. I would like the chance to hear what they had to say about my lifestyle. I’ve always questioned the way I live and if other peoples lives’ are similar. I don’t think that I live an odd life, but it would be interesting to see how a stranger viewed it. I know at first that I’d be a lot like J.T. in regard to certain aspects of my life. I wouldn’t behave the way I always do, I’d be on my best behavior at least until we†¦show more content†¦In the Black Kings, there is a â€Å"board of directors† who I’d say are the equivalent of a large business owner. Things get done the way they want it done, and they stand to make the most profit. Then you have the à ¢â‚¬Å"Captains† and â€Å"Lieutenants† who would act like the CEO’s. They have a lot of the power, but there is still someone above them that hands them orders and who can fire them. The ranks continue like this until you get all the way down to the bottom. In the case of a business the lowest ranking would be the intern or an assistant and in the Black Kings it’d be the young boys or â€Å"foot-soldiers† that do the heavy lifting and clean up. It’s very business like in that the higher up the ranks you’re able to move, the more money you’ll be able to make. Also, the rival gangs are competing with one another, to see who can make the most money, just as large corporations do. So, I think this was a great comparison. However, when you get down to it, illegal is still illegal. It makes no difference to me if it’s the gang-banger or the CEO committing the illegal act, they should both be punished. It also stands to reason t hat they’d organize a gang the same way as a business, since they both have the same goal; money. 4.) In chapter two, Venkatesh and J.T. argue about whether a culture of poverty exists among poor blacks in America. In your opinion, does Gang Leader for a Day do more toShow MoreRelatedGang Leader For A Day957 Words   |  4 Pagescompared to only 5.4% of unemployed white people (Street,2007). These statistics represent racial inequality which caused a lot of internal, and external damage to the black population. Rogue Sociologist, Sudhir Venkatesh’s (2008) novel called Gang Leader for a Day, reveals this disparity. In 1989 Sudhir participated in qualitative research, by studying the lives of people from the projects of Chicago. The projects are a subsidized housing development, provided by the government which requires low rentRead MoreGang Leader for a Day Essay2292 Words   |  10 PagesInnovate Your Life In the book, Gang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh, a sociology student from the University of Chicago starts out simply trying to understand â€Å"how it feels to be poor and black,† and ends up spending years and years figuring out the ins and outs of a gang society (Venkatesh 14). Sudhir receives the chance of a sociologist’s lifetime to see first-hand what life is like in the projects. He follows gang leader, J.T. around and studies his life at the Robert Taylor homes forRead MoreGang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh1376 Words   |  6 Pagesunfamiliar with the black culture within Chicago. In his book Gang Leader for a Day, he tells of his sociology research within one of the roughest housing projects in Chicago. Sudhir starts his research by talking to a few elderly gentlemen he played chess with at the park. His conversation with them led him to the Robert Taylor Housing Projects which was described as one of the worst Ghettos in America. His research began the first day he arrived with his clipboard of questionnaires ready to askRead MoreGang Leader for a Day: Book Review1413 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Gang Leader for a Day Book Review It takes a lot of guts and no small amount of courage and cunning to infiltrate a street gang in the tough neighborhoods of Chicago, but that is what Sudhir Venkatesh did as a 23-year-old graduate student at the University of Chicago. In order to find out first-hand how a gang that earns its money selling crack cocaine functions from the inside, Venkatesh dared to get involved on a superficial basis with the gang. But Venkatesh wasnt seen as person who wasRead MoreGang Leader For A Day : A Rogue Sociologist1589 Words   |  7 Pages Having read the book Gang Leader for a Day: a rogue sociologist takes to the streets by Venkatesh (2008), based on my childhood education (formal and informal), life circumstances, personal and professional life experiences, I perceive JT to be a lawbreaker. Moreover, based on how our society informally defines a criminal or lawbreaker, JT is clearly someone who does not or will not conform with our collective legal standards or requirements based o n the majority opinion of the wider publicRead MoreGang Leader For A Day Chapter Summary2784 Words   |  12 PagesAP English Language Ms. Donohue Gang Leader for a Day Chapter Summary CH. 1- Characters 1 s Name: Sudhir Venkatesh. Sudhir is Indian, he was born lived in California. He walks into the projects and stays overnight with a gang even though he knows he doesn t fit in.ï » ¿ Sudhir respects J.T. s rules and isn t intrusive with the gang. Sudhir is a university student wanting his degree in Sociology. Sudhir is also intelligent because he goes undercover into a gang for his project that will gain himRead MoreEssay about Gang Leader for a Day1786 Words   |  8 PagesIn the book, Gang Leader for a Day, a rogue sociologist passionately dives into the lives of one of Chicago’s toughest housing projects in an attempt to develop an insight as to how the urban impoverished lived. Throughout the text it becomes clear that a conflict paradigm is being reflected. A conflict society is based on social inequality, in which some individuals benefit and thrive more than others, which tends to lead to conflict and thus change. This is evident both in the housing projectsRead MoreThe Gang That The Author, Sudhir Venkantesh1148 Words   |  5 Pages I would describe the gang that the author, Sudhir Venkantesh, studies in this book as a deviant group because they are not following usual or accepted standards in social behavior. â€Å"Deviance is a behavior, trait or belief that departs from a norm and generates a negative reaction in a particular group†. (Real World, Kerry Ferris, Jill Stein, p 153) According to this definition we can definitely see gangs departing from a norm by committing many crimes and not obeying the laws. One example to deviantRead MoreSocial Control And Its Impact On America s Public Housing Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesChicago’s public housing soon found themselves in dilapidated, drug-infested, crime-filled, isolated centers of despair. During a time in which most American citizens could easily turn their eyes from the struggles of the poor, Sudhir Venkatesh’s Gang Leader for a Day took readers into the depths of the world in which the poor resided. Through Venkatesh’s wor k, readers are inadvertently introduced to broader sociological concepts such as, collective efficacy within communities, the concentration effect,Read MoreCentral Purpose And Core Theme1513 Words   |  7 Pages Central Purpose and Core Theme Author Sudhir Venkatesh wrote â€Å"Gang Leader for a Day† to produce an in-depth ethnography on how people make a living with the use of underground economies in marginalized communities. He does so by providing descriptions of encounters with a crack-selling gang named the Black Kings, operating in Chicago, Illinois’ projects. The central take Venkatesh uses to explain how one makes money and the most popular way that young African-American males made money was by selling

Food Safety & Environmental Health-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Implement and Monitor Environmentally Sustainable Work Practices. Answer: Hospitality is an important sector or industry since it requires good environmentally sustainable workplace practice. Since hospitality industry heavily considers environmental health, development of environmental sustainable policies is therefore important for any organization that has hospitality aspects such as kitchen or restaurant. There are some aspects of environmental sustainable regulation that regulate the hospitality industry especially kitchen operations. Some of the regulations are environmental health, energy usage and environmental safety. Firstly, environmental health regulations within the hospitality consider the healthy practices in the workplace and hygiene. Department of health regulate sanitation, water quality and waste disposal (Department of Health 2017). For instance, hospitality organization must be certified by department of health through environmental health council and issue license that permits operations. Secondly, department of energy provides energy efficiency usage regulations, appliances energy usage and environmental rating system. Benchmark includes usage of national environmental rating system to assess energy, water, waste and indoor environment. Thirdly, environmental safety is another aspect of environmental regulation that considers provision of services that are environme ntally safe to customers (Thomas, 2016). Some of the current workplace policies and procedures within the hospitality industry include health rating, efficient energy usage, and environmental hygiene and food storage policies. Firstly, the department of health in collaboration with hospitality association provides clear guideline and policies that ensure healthy hospitality operations. For instance, department of health outline the health rating procedure for workplace that rate to food usage, food safety and disposal of food remains or waste (Australian Institute of Food Safety, 2017). Secondly, the energy usage policy provides the procedures for assessing and ensuring of clear energy, appliances energy consumption and environmental pollution reduction procedures. Thirdly, environmental hygiene policies ensure that the environmental conditions within and around the kitchen is clean, sanitation assessment procedures and proper waste disposal guidelines or procedures. Fourthly, food storage is another hospitality area with c lear policies that state that proper food storage with safety considerations and pollution free system is the best sustainability workplace practice (ACT Government, 2017). The three workplace policies and procedures that can be identified within the kitchen include proper waste management, energy usage and food storage policies. Firstly, commercial kitchen comply with health policies that require hospitality industry to observe environmental hygiene and sanitation (Work Health and Safety and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2014). The kitchen is properly designed with good waste disposal system and clean water. Secondly, the kitchen complies with energy policies that require efficient energy usage and clean energy consumption with minimal pollution. Kitchen uses energy sources such as gas and electricity for both lighting and heating. Thirdly, the kitchen also upholds food storage policies that provide good food storage requirements with minimal environmental pollution. The components of workplace procurement or purchase policies are transparency policies, workplace safety and food storage policies. Firstly, when purchasing equipments or foods that are sold within the hospitality facility, the procedure should be clear and transparent. Secondly, equipment purchased need to be safety to user with minimal capability to pollute the environment. Thirdly, food purchase policies also provide the necessary storage requirement prior to purchase and after purchase with main focus on perishability of food stuffs (Clark, 2006). Some of the possible environment and resource issues that may be cause by procurement or purchase policies include safety of the equipments, waste management and resource utilization. Firstly, transparency purchase and procurement of equipments and food indicate that the equipment purchased are safer to use and has clear environmental implications. Secondly, food purchase and procurement policies ensure low food wastage due to spoilage, unhealthy food or unclean food that eventually pollutes the environment. Finally, proper purchase procedure and policies ensure proper utilization of financial resources and limited resource wastage. Area of operation process review Brief description of issue Estimated size or amount Usage of food, liquid ingredients in kitchen Foods are cooked or served raw as fruits Usage of electricity, gas and water The kitchen uses various electrical appliances such as oven, refrigerators and entertainment systems. Gas is also used for heating and cooking of food Many electrical appliances, equipments and tools Disposal of waste materials Kitchen garbage storage, disposal area Waste within the kitchen are disposed mainly to the main garbage located behind the kitchen 1 garbage or waste disposal area Recycling reusing Kitchen garbage storage/ disposal Some of the waste such as used containers are also reused as storage containers Storage of stock Food stock storage is mainly done on the deep freezers and refrigerators 4 storage equipments There are some external specialist sources that can also assist in advising the commercial kitchen on environmental and resource issues. Some of the specialists are environmental specialist and external auditors. External auditors provide the financial resource advice on procurement and purchase to ensure transparency, clear and limited resource wastage. Environmental specialists are good in assessment and advising on the environmental implication of various equipments purchased or food purchased. In collaboration with energy specialist, environmental specialists offer the best energy sources that can be purchase for used in the commercial kitchen (Kates, 2010). According to the inspection of the commercial kitchen there are three main areas that were inspected, health, environment and procurement. Firstly, health assessment process was done on food, kitchen environment and sanitation to assess the healthy conditions present in the kitchen. One of the internal sources of information is the health permit or license and health assessment records available in the management office. External source of information used include health regulation codes, health policies available from Department Of Health. Environmental review process checked on waste disposal, sanitation and energy efficiency to ensure there is minimal environmental pollutions. Thirdly, procurement process transparency process gives the guidelines that are used to source food and other equipments used within the kitchen (Bell Morse, 2008). During kitchen inspection, some of the environmental sustainability and resource usage issues identified are food usage, energy consumption, waste disposal and food storage. Firstly, food usage is important aspect of kitchen operation and environmental sustainability since it ensure food are properly utilized to avoid wastage that result in environmental pollution. Secondly, the kitchen uses electricity and gas for energy and energy consumption especially use of electricity and gas makes up clean energy that comply with energy regulations policies. Thirdly, waste disposal and waste management are other important aspect of environmental issues within the kitchen. Finally, food storage is another issues that touches both environment and resource management (White, Stallones Last, 2013). In order to address the issues identified in the kitchen there is need for continuous environmental health assessment procedures and proper food stock management system. Firstly, despite the clearly set health regulation compliance policies, there is need for continuous environmental health assessment to ensure that sanitation and waste management is done accordingly. This also makes the kitchen management and the staffs accountable of the waste disposal procedures used in the kitchen. Secondly, food stock management within the kitchen needs some improvements. As per the inspection, a lot of food is still wasted due to improper management especially cooked food that now has low storage life (Satin, 2008). Some of the recommendations for improvement include proper food usage, low energy consumption, waste disposal and food storage. There is need for proper food usage that minimizes wastage and this requires that food heating equipments such as oven are purchased within low energy requirement as compared to current oven. This will keep the temperature of cooked foods at the required level to avoid cooking more food. Secondly, before purchasing heating and lighting equipments their energy consumption ability need to be assessed so as to purchase only those with low energy requirement. Thirdly, though the kitchen has good waste disposal procedures, most of food waste especially leftovers still are not properly managed and there is need for properly disposing food wastes (Krebs, 2001). Finally, food storage in kitchen make use of deep freezers though this is also attached to high energy consumption. The procurement and purchase system need to be designed that incorporate good storage for p urchased food and before purchase to avoid buying already spoiled food. Assessment 1 The kitchen environmental sustainability and resource usage efficiency inspection records can be grouped into energy usage as shown below Assessment 2 Commercial kitchen uses various appliances that were identified during environmental sustainable and resource usage efficiency. The commercial kitchen uses various appliances such as refrigerators or deep freezers, oven, entertainment units and other appliances. These appliances use electricity as source of energy. Electricity usage does not pollute environment hence one of the best strategy that is sustainable to environment. References ACT Government (2017), accessible at https://www.health.act.gov.au/public-information/businesses/food-safety-regulation The Australian Government, Department of Health (2017), Food Safety and Environmental Health, accessible at: https://www.health.gov.au/ Clarke, R. King, J. (2006), The Atlas of Water. London: Earthscan Clark, D. (2006), A Rough Guide to Ethical Living. London: Penguin. Bell, S. Morse, S. (2008), Sustainability Indicators. Measuring the Immeasurable? 2nd edn. London: Earthscan. Australian Institute of Food Safety (2017), Food Safety Laws Accessible at: https://www.foodsafety.com.au/resources/videos/food-safety-laws Kates, R.W., ed. (2010), Readings in Sustainability Science and Technology an introduction to the key literatures of sustainability science CID Working Paper No. 213. Center for International Development, Harvard University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, December 2010 Krebs, C.J. (2001), Ecology: the Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Sydney: Benjamin Cummings. Satin, M. (2008), Food alert!: the ultimate sourcebook for food safety (2 ed.). New York, NY: Facts On File. Thomas, S. A. (2016), The Nature of Sustainability. Chapbook Press. Grand Rapids, Michigan White, F; Stallones, L; Last, J.M. (2013), Global Public Health: Ecological Foundations. Oxford University Press. Work Health and Safety and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2014 No. 14 pts 1, 3 date of assent 9 April 2014 ss 12 commenced on date of assent remaining provisions commenced 16 May 2014 (2014 SL No. 59)

Criticism of to a waterfowl Essay Example For Students

Criticism of to a waterfowl Essay The poems of Bryant may be classed, with regard to their subjects:those expressing a universal interest, relative to the great conditions of humanity, types of nature symbolical of these, as the Winds; poems of a national and patriotic sentiment, or expressive of the heroic in character, as the Song of Marions Men. Of these, probably the most enduring will be those which draw their vitality more immediately from the American soil. In these there is a purity of nature, and a certain rustic grace, which speak at once the nature of the poet and his subject. Symbolic images of nature abound in his verses. Here Id like to share some of my observation of some of the poem to a waterfowl. Whither, midst falling dew, While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue Thy solitary way? Whitherto what place. We have to read the whole stanza to complete the question. The author delays the meaning so long by putting in the description of time and place to create a feeling of distance to the destination. And thee, thou, thythese are all poetic ways of saying you in the singular form. In a sense, focusing on a single distinctive you with no possibility of it being the plural you. So, maybe it is more than just poetic diction, but the emphasis of solitude. Seekst thou the plashy brinkOf weedy lake, or marge of river wide, Or where the rocking billows rise and sink On the chafed ocean side? Rubbed away by friction, constant irritation. Here are three different possible destinations for the waterfowl. they have something in common. There is a Power whose careTeaches thy way along that pathless coast, The desert and illimitable air, Lone wandering, but not lostIf he is speaking of God (what kind of god?), why does he call him a Power? Birds migrate because of natural instinctswhat is the connection to a Power here? He might imply that Nature and God are identified Again, notice the emphasis on Lone. In the fifth stanza, cold thin atmosphere, stoop, weary, and welcome land contrast sharply. which adds to the picture of the bird both concretely and symbolically. this birds flight is beginning to represent the lonely and lifelong struggle of the writer himself in hope of finding his welcome land. Thourt gone, the abyss of heaven Hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given, And shall not soon depart. This stanza sounds a little didactic to me. The poet clearly warns the reader that a lesson is coming. Romantic poetry is usually more subtle than that, although it does often find human, even spiritual truths in natural events. The abyss of heaven is NOT a word we often see associated with heaven! What does that suggest about his view of heaven? Does he mean that the immeasurably profoundity of heaven will always be an unfathomable chasm to him, totally beyond his kent. In the last stanza, the word alone is found again. waterfowl ordinarily travel in groups, or at least in pairs. But it is important (and meaningful) that this bird is alone. It reveals the poets feeling about his own life. Although the last verse suggest that he has found comfort in this poem, but the word must tread alone also add some hints of shadows and conflict here. Bryant fastened upon the genial influences of nature about him. As the present world was becoming more threatening and alienating to writers ,Individual solitude became a strand among them. So much of the greatest writing of these two hundred years is in the form of individuals alone, standing off by themselves, meditating on their own fate, William Cullen Bryants To a Waterfowl. Here perhaps better than in any other unit can we see writers living in an age of progress and democracy turning inward-and often to nature-in search of consolation.

The FBIs Carnivore System free essay sample

This paper looks at the FBIs new law-enforcement division called the Carnivore system . There is a new technology of criminal activity which involves the use electronic means of communication in committing crimes. This paper looks in greater depth at some of these issues by examining the FBI Carnivore system, how it was developed, what its capacities are, and the problems civil libertarians and others see. From the paper: `It has a ferocious name. And its bark is in fact probably just about as bad as its bite. And while it certainly has the power to do good, the inherent costs may make it not worthwhile. The FBI?s Carnivore system is a tool used by this law enforcement agency to snare criminals who use electronic means of communication in committing their crimes, allowing this federal agency to collect and examine email and other electronic traffic sent and received by those suspected or accused of crimes ? along, of course, with the rest of us. We will write a custom essay sample on The FBIs Carnivore System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While the crime-fighting capacities of such a capability can be seen to be substantial, it should also be clear that such a system has the ability (if improperly used) to cause substantial harm to the rights of the innocent because most people do not realize that their electronic correspondence can be seized and examined. An essential bedrock of the American legal system (and indeed of American culture) rests on the English common-law assumption that people have a basic right to privacy and that unless they should assume or know otherwise that they have a presumption of that privacy. Thus a person shouting on a public street has no reasonable expectation of privacy. A person sitting at her computer sending email to her mother does.`

Essay Topics - Tips For Writing Essays That Will Stand Out

Essay Topics - Tips For Writing Essays That Will Stand OutCollege essay topics have never been as popular as they are today. College students want to impress their professors by delivering essays that reflect their talents and abilities. At the same time, they want to make sure that their essays do not deviate from what is expected of them.There are various essay topics available to students. One of the more popular is the topic choice. It is a very popular topic for many reasons, and you should find a topic that you think will be most useful to you.Ideas have no boundaries; they can be anything from a new invention to a philosophical or religious idea. Regardless, of how special your topic is, however, there will always be some that are more appropriate for you. You can also try to choose topics that are too popular.As you probably know, most college students tend to choose topics that are very popular right now. If the topic you choose is one that has a big amount of traffic, it mi ght be hard to find another student who can relate to it.However, if you do find someone who can relate to your topic, it might be very easy to change your topic to something else. For example, if you choose to write about the famous personification of your passion, you can easily change it to something that might be more relevant to your interests.It is also important to understand how one word in a sentence can change the meaning of a topic. Using long sentences and even words that are difficult to pronounce can make a topic seem dull.The best way to find topic ideas is to look at some of the popular essay topics today. These articles give examples of topics that can help you craft an original essay. Make sure that you research each topic well before you start writing, so that you can prepare for the challenges that come with writing.

The Oil Business in America

The Oil Business in America Free Online Research Papers Over the past few years a very big topic that has come up in the news and in a lot of conversations is Oil. The definition of Crude Oil is the mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons that is refined into diesel, gasoline, heating oil, jet fuel, kerosene, and literally thousands of other products called petrochemicals. Crude oils are named according to their contents and origins, and classified according to their per unit weight (specific gravity). Heavier crudes yield more heat upon burning, but have lower API gravity and market price in comparison to light (or sweet) crudes.(business dictionary) Another definition of crude oil is a naturally-occurring substance found in certain rock formations in the earth. It is a dark, sticky liquid which, scientifically speaking, is classified as a hydrocarbon. This means, it is a compound containing carbon and hydrogen, with or without non-metallic elements such as oxygen and sulfur. Crude oil is highly flammable and can be burned to create energy. Along with its sister hydrocarbon, natural gas, derivatives from crude oil make an excellent fuel.(OPEC) Oil is the lifeblood of America’s economy. Currently, it supplies more than 40% of our total energy demands and more than 99% of the fuel we use in our cars and trucks. The Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy focuses on two important concerns over oil an immediate readiness to respond to oil supply disruptions and keeping America’s oil fields producing in the future. In the event the United States is confronted with a serious disruption in oil supplies, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve can provide an emergency supply of crude oil. The oil is stockpiled in underground salt caverns along the Gulf of Mexico coastline. President Bush has ordered the Reserve to be filled to its full 700 million barrel capacity by 2005. The Department of Energy also maintains an emergency supply of heating oil for consumers in the Northeast who depend on this fuel for much of their heating needs. Two million barrels are stored in commercial terminals and can be released quickly should severe weather or other emergencies create life-threatening fuel shortages. One way to prevent an oil supply disruption is to ensure our domestic production of oil is maintained. Remaining U.S. oil fields are becoming increasingly costly to produce because much of the easy-to-find oil has already been recovered. Yet, for every barrel of oil that flows from U.S. fields, nearly two barrels remain in the ground. Better technology is needed to find and produce much of this â€Å"left-behind† oil, and DOE’s Fossil Energy program, through its National Petroleum Technology Office, is developing new exploration, drilling and production processes that can keep U.S. oil fields producing for well into the future.(USDE) That section states that even though our oil fields are being drained there is still oil in them that we cannot get too. With new inventions and new ways of drilling we will be able to get the rest of the oil that is being left in the oil fields. There is no real energy source that has affected our whole existence with such an impact that crude oil has had. Oil was formed over millions of years from dead plants and animals that lived in the oceans before the dinosaurs and some is from the dinosaurs. This is why it is called a nonrenewable resource because it takes an extremely long time to be made. So when we run through the oil that is in the ground now, we will not have any until another few millions of years from now. In every aspect of life there is a rise a peak and a fall right now we are at a peak, we will never be able to extract the same amount again. And because of this and the fall or drop when we run out we will have no cars no planes, nothing that is propelled by oil or a off product of oil. The all American alternative to oil is Hemp which can be grown on American farms. However, it was banned in the United States in 1937. â€Å"Everything now done by fossil fuels can be done cheaper and better with renewable natural resources grown on American soil by American farmers. For more than 12,000 years before it was banned in 1937, the world’s number one natural resource for food, fiber, fuel and natural oil was hemp.†(hempfarm.org)If we can grow something that is equal to oil and is all natural and reusable, why not. It comes down to politics if it is a truly equal alternative. Hemp is also known as weed, or marijuana. It can be made by boiling it until the needed nutrients are taken out. â€Å"The answer has been available for thousands of years. We can either burn clean hemp biomass fuel to boil water and make the steam that turns the turbines that give us our electricity, or we can burn oil and coal and pretend that nuclear power is Clean Energy†.â₠¬ (hempfarm.org) The only thing in question would be is making a drug legal going to make things worse or better over all. The answer we will never know unless we try it. However it should not be illegal for the farmers who are growing it for the government to sell as a natural alternative to oil. The same goes for natural gas. If we were to convert everything from oil based gas to natural gas, everything would be a whole lot better. In fact if each country had its own way of producing an equivalent resource to oil it would change the crisis we are in currently. Instead of oil ruining the world and shutting down plants it would have minimal effects on the world as a whole. And even though many politicians now are pushing to legalize hemp and put a tax on it; which in turn with the selling of that and collection of taxes from it the United States could receive billions of dollars more a year; and even with that tax hemp would still be much cheaper than oil is now and much safer for the environment. There are many different things that when the time comes we will be forced to have to use, even if there is a strong opposition to it. Another thing that is bad about oil is the danger to and the effects it has on the environment. For example the transportation of oil is very dangerous because of the high chances of an oil spill from oil tankers traveling across the oceans. There is a part of the government that was made specifically for instances like this called the EPA the Environmental Protection Agency. In the case of an oil spill the EPA seeks to prevent, prepare for, and respond to oil spills that occur in and around inland waters of the United States. EPA is the lead federal response agency for oil spills occurring in inland waters, and the U.S. Coast Guard is the lead response agency for spills in coastal waters and deepwater ports.(EPA) When countries are at war, one country may decide to dump gallons of oil into the other country’s oceans. Terrorists may cause an oil spill because they will dump oil into a country’s ocean. Many terrorists will do this because they are trying to get the country’s attention, or they are trying to make a point to a country. Seabirds are strongly affected by oil spills. A seabird may get covered in the oil. The thick black oil is too heavy for the birds to fly, so they attempt to clean themselves. The bird then eats the oil to clean its feathers and poisons itself. If workers have found sea birds that are not dead because of oil, they will take the birds to a cleaning center or captivity where they are kept in a facility because they can not live in the wild on their own. Animals that are in captivity because of an oil spill will be cleaned by professionals and volunteers. When a bird is in captivity, the oil will be flushed from its eyes, intestines, and feathers. The bird will be examined for any more injuries like broken bones, and it will take a medicine to prevent any more damage. And not just birds are affected every animal in the ocean is affected in one way or another. The future of the world still dependent on oil looks very bleak and dreary, there has got to be another way, there is other ways it just all depends on us as people to change it before it gets too bad. Research Papers on The Oil Business in AmericaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaGenetic EngineeringRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Music History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Music History - Research Paper Example It was usually a part of mourning also, except in cases, such as, when Admetus while mourning his wife, ordered that â€Å"neither lyre nor pipe is to be heard in the town for twelve months." (West 14). Often religious festivals or ceremonies would begin with a procession with music, such as chorale accompanied by the pipes and/or the lyre. The people might be dancing or have dancers with them. Processionals are thought to be the oldest form of Greek music. It is believed that the earliest recorded occasion was a procession from Messina to sacrifice on Delos (West 15). Every part of Greek life had some kind of music that was traditionally used. Following is a description of the most well known types: Hymns were sung by a chorus to the gods, except Apollo and Dionysus, which had their own special songs, the paean, a song of joy, and the dithyramb, a choral song of prayer or supplication. The Dithyramb eventually became secularized and metamorphosed into the drama form tragedy. The Hy porcheme was a song and a dance. The Prosodion was used for processionals to altars and temples at the beginning and ending of festivals. Enkomion was a song of praise for men, as was the Epinikion used to honor the winner of athletic competition. A Skolion was sung by guests at a banquet. An Erotikon was an erotic song or poem for gods and goddesses and also men and women. The Hymenaios was used for weddings during the processional, at the banquet and in front of the bridal suite. The Threnos was a funeral dirge, sung by a chorus solemnly in either very low or very high pitch. Maidens would sing a Partheneion . Many of these have echoes in current church and classical music ("Lyric Genres."). 2. Describe the evolution of notation from the concept of neumes to the development of the staff and the idea of nota. Music likely dates back to the earliest civilizations, even hunter gatherer populations , but it was not until the Greeks created a form of musical notation that we have any records of written musical notation. There is a piece of music carved on a tombstone called the Seikilos Epitaph, found in Turkey, and may be from the 1st century AD. This is evidence that ancient Greeks used music notation since the 3rd or 4th centuries BC. Boethius (c.AD 470–AD 525) applied the first 15 letters of the alphabet to the notes in use at the end of the Roman period in the five textbooks he wrote on ancient music while in prison. A system called neumes, using Greek language symbols, was used in about the 6th century AD to record the Gregorian chants. This system only reminded a singer or musician of the â€Å"shape â€Å" of a memorized song. It was not until the tenth cent ury that Heightened Neumes were arranged above and below a line to indicate rising and falling pitch. In the twelfth century, Guido D’Arezzo placed letters on lines to indicate pitch. The staves developed over the next four centuries with different numbers of lines, but in the sixteenth century the five line staff became standard. Early music was all written down by the church and aristocracy, as paper and quills were expensive and most people could not read words either ("History of Music Notation - evolution, printing, specialisation and computers."). There was no system for tempo and measure until about the seventeenth century. It was not until the legitimization of polyphonic music, forbidden at first by Pope John XXII in 1322 (See Appendix A for his writings.), that other parts of our modern notation developed to fulfil its needs ("Polyphony Is