Adam Smith and Mercantilists Essay - 275 Words

Adam Smith and Mercantilists (Essay Sample) Content: Adam Smith and MercantilistsStudentInstitutionAdam Smith and MercantilistsThe nature and wealth of nations has been viewed in different perspectives by different economist who lived in differed periods of time. Economists have continually attempted to develop the best systems necessary for increasing the levels of the wealth of nations. One of the renowned economist who explored much into the study of the nature and the wealth of nations is Adam Smith. Adam Smith developed various policies which he believed were the causes of the wealth of nations. However, some countries did not adopt Smiths principles rather they employed mercantilisms, for instance, Britain in the years between 16th and 18th centuries. Adam smith and mercantilists held some common and also different views on the nature and causes of wealth of nations.Mercantilism dominated the European Economic arena in the years between 16th and 18th centuries. The economic doctrines developed by the Mercantilists formed the foundation for the modern economic principles. Adam smith is also an economic legends who is remembered for his struggle for free markets and trades.According to the Mercantilists, one of the ways of achieving economic prosperity in any nation is the maximization of the net exports and minimization of imports. These economist maintained that nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s wealth can be measured based on the quantity of gold possessed in the particular nation. If a country has large quantity of gold, then it stands taller being better off in terms of wealth stock. The reasons as to why mercantilism was associated with maximization of exports was to ensure increase in the net inflow of foreign exchange. In contrast, according to Adam Smith, wealth of nations are measured in terms of money. Smith hold that money is generated by fixed assets. In this case, for an asset to qualify to be a fixed asset, it must provide consumables for the human capital and also provides means of maintaini ng the physical assets. However, subsistence consumables and resources expend for maintenance of the physical asset are not measure of wealth.The mercantilists stand hat that the key indicator of the level of wealth in any particular nation is the quantity of available gold and silver suffered criticism form Adam Smith. Adam smith was totally opposed to this view arguing that the use of availability of gold and silver in measuring wealth of nations limited the potential of real wealth. Adam Smith maintained that Wealth is determined by the annual produce of labor of the society and also land.Also mercantilists held that one of the ways of ensuring increase the level wealth was restriction of trade. This type of economic system was confirmed to have led to inflations, slow economic growth and development and also limited trade in Britain in 17th century. In contrast, Adam smith held that free trade, without government interference would lead to achievement of true national wealth . Free market also was essential since it would benefit all classes of people without favoring privileged merchants.Mercantilists hold that the cause of wealth of nations was application of government regulations which include restriction of prices and exports. For instance, in 16th century, the British parliament, which practiced Mercantilism, enacted and passed laws that issued regulations to the free trade. The restrictions were manifested through imposing high import duties and issued subsidies to certain firms. Also the same parliament passed law that would grant monopolist some companies for instance, the East India Company. Adam Smith was opposed to this type of market control and he termed it as biased. Instead, he viewed that, the true cause of wealth of national was to adopt public works. For instance, the constructions and maintenance of infrastructures such as roads, bridges, canals, harbors and postal systems would promote flow of commerce.Mercantilists encouraged confl icts and wars. They viewed wars and conflicts as an opportunity for making wealth since it leads to raise the interest+rates at which they would lend to the government and the invaded lands. They believed that this was one of the causes of wealth. Contrary to this view, Adam Smith, hold that wars and conflicts was a waste of money and leads to public debts. Smith hold that Public debt diminishes investments since the funds that would have been spent on investment sector were diverted to repaying debts.Mercantilists never created good relationship with labors, rather they were interested in exploiting them. They believed in full employment as a way of ensuring increase in wealth. According to one of the Mercantilist, William Petyt, as "capital material à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ raw and undigested à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ committed into the hands of supreme authority, in whose prudence and disposition it is to improve, manage, and fashion it to more or less advantage." (Heckscher, 1955). One of the factors whi ch manifested their labor exploitation is their dislike of holidays for workers. The mercantilists were wealth incentive but not considered of the welfare of the employees. Mercantilists issued fixed wage rate, without allowing the market forces of demand and supply of labor to determine the wage rate. The overexploitation of workers and low wages rates lead to high rate of unemployment and severe shortage of labor in various sectors. Many persons who were willing to deliver their labor services begun being discontent with the labor regulations hence shied away the labor markets. Additionally, the employers who paid their workers above the ceiling wage rates were fined. This was greatly experienced in Britain in 17th century. The mercantilists hold that the minimization of wage rate would lead to accumulation of wealth since it minimized the cost. On the other hand, Adam Smith never developed a defined wage theory but he tried to modify theories that had been postulated by other ec onomists. He maintained a view that wages are determined by the law of supply and demand. According to his view, the supply in the labor market is the force which drives the wage rates to minimum levels. However, in his book, Wealth of nations, Smith argues that the salaries paid to the workers must be enough to enable them cater for their basic needs and that of their families. Additionally, as far as labor service is concerned, Adam smith held that specialization in the production arena is a crucial factor which increases the levels of production. Therefore, he argues that, oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s area of operation should match the field of expertize or professionalism. In regard to this, he advocated for providing education to the youths in order to improve their skills necessary for quality and quantity productivity. In trying to make this approach more practical he demonstrated an example of a pin factory in accordance with his personal view. In his example, one worker run all the o perations necessary to make a single pin. The worker doing the all activities could not produce more than 20 in one day. In the same pin factory, ten workers, working at the same rate could produce 200 pins the same way. However If the 10 workers are organized based on their specialization for instance, wi...

Freud s Theory Of Moral Sentiments - 1782 Words

In his The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud explains how psychoanalysis is used to examine the unconscious mind. Freud explains that there is a force, that he calls repression, which sends disruptive thoughts into the unconscious. In Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith has a concept of self-deceit which implies a division of the mind. Smith believes the mind has a moral sense, a mental faculty can inform the individual what is morally right and wrong and through the observation of other peoples’ actions. Smith’s moral sense seems to be part of an implicit unconscious because it seems to have an objective understanding of moral right or wrong, but the individual still falls victim to self-deceit despite†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"We do not derive the psychic fission from a congenital lack of capacity on the part of the mental apparatus†¦ but we explain it dynamically by the conflict of opposing mental forces, we recognize in it the result of an active striving of each mental complex against the other† (ODP 219). Freud views the conflict in the mind as a conflict fundamentally of the forces of the opposing desires in the mind, and the opposing mental complexes that are formed from these opposing desires do not necessarily include either the conscious or unconscious mind as a part of them. However, the mental complex of the desires which are repressed into the unconscious mind becomes part of the conscious mind, therefore, the unconscious mind works to antagonize the conscious mind because it consists of the mental complex of antagonizing ideas that cause hysteria. Freud’s unconscious is in a way stronger than Freud’s conscious because the unconscious has more influence on the behavior of the individual in cases of hysteria. To deal with the unconscious thoughts which cause hysteria, the patient requires the outside help of the psychotherapist—the patient cannot deal with these thoughts on their own. â€Å"If this repressed material is once more made part of the conscious mental functions†¦the psychic conflict which then arises, the same which the patient wished to avoid, is madeShow MoreRelatedThe Dynamic Relationship Between Family Socialization And Student Achievement Levels1381 Words   |  6 Pagescore values rarely change greatly from what they were as a child. Sigmund Freud, a world renowned social scientist was the first to person to develop a working theory that addressed this issue. He believed that our personality is developed from and throughout the processes of socialization. â€Å"According to Sigmund Freud, human personality is complex and has more than a single component. In his famous psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality is composed of three elements. These three elementsRead Moreis poverty the main factor affect crime5090 Words   |  21 Pagescorrelation of poverty with crime . According to mainstream media under/working class citizens are more exposed towards crime, many theories of crime are based on national statistics with are taking out every year. According to official data the working class group are more likely to commit crimes then the middle class, sociologist have taken these figures and came up with theories on the case. Sociologist are beginning to seriously question if poverty is the main factor by using correctional data , thisRead MoreEthological Theory of Human Instinct3709 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Human Instinct: From C.S. Lewis, Freud and Evolutionists Point Of Views Introduction In this dissertation was shall examine the ethological theory of instinct, and see whether it applies at the human level. From its early history, ethnology has focused on the concept of human instinct, and Lorenz is credited with reviving the term following its demise due to withering criticism in the 1920s and 1930s. Prior to Lorenz, the term instinct had been used in contradictory, inconsistent and experimentallyRead MoreA Psychological Reading of A Rose for Emily Essay2883 Words   |  12 PagesFreud and Faulkner A psychoanalytic Reading of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Abstract Undoubtedly Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. He was an influential thinker of the early twentieth century who elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system and the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. Freud articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression and he proposed tripartiteRead MoreFamily Tradition and Theories4437 Words   |  18 Pages Family Tradition and Theories Author’s Name Institution Family Tradition and Theories My family lives in the middle East and it consists of my grandfather Mansour, grandmother Fahiama, my father Amer, my mother Nada, my 17 years old sister Mariyah, my 23 years old brother Abdullah, my aunt, uncle and I. Our family tradition is taking breakfast together every Friday. Every member of the family ought to be present at the breakfast table no matter the time he or she sleptRead MoreAlice s Journey Down The Rabbit Hole2147 Words   |  9 Pages Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll endures as one of the most iconic children s books of all time. It remains one of the most ambiguous texts to decipher as Alice s adventures in Wonderland have created endless critical debate as to whether we can deduce any true literary meaning, or moral implication from her journey down the rabbit hole. Alice s station as a seven year old Victorian child creates an interesting construct within the novel as she attempts to navigate this magical parallel plainRead MoreTheoretical Integrative Paper3776 Words   |  15 Pagesinformation in order to deliver a synthesis that would be authentic and valid for the type of personality I have and also where I am at currently in life. With that said, I have been able to display the likelihood of a mixture of the previous three theories mentioned above that will be able to help me with my patients that I will have down the road. Human Nature The humans as a whole have been able to lead obviously different lives comparing to those of the other kinds of animals, bearing in mindRead MoreCriticism on Moral Development Theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Bandura and Providing a New Model for Research in Iranian Students Moral Development5918 Words   |  24 PagesCriticism on moral development theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Bandura and providing a new model for research in Iranian students moral development Hossein Lotfabadi, Ph. D.1 Abstract Its been years in the psychology and assessment of moral development that theories of genetic epistemology and social behaviorism (which are based on Piaget, Kohlberg, and Banduras approaches) have been in the center of attention for the psychologists and education experts and have been used by the educationalRead MoreEssay about Toward a Definition of Modernism2672 Words   |  11 Pagesenergy that erupted when the modernists burst on to the scene. Therefore, against a hypothesis that insists that for a work to be considered modernist, it must find traditional forms incapable of expressing â€Å"new† or particularly twentieth-century sentiments, and thereby must self-consciously experiment with new forms, I will examine three seminal twentieth-century operas: Strauss/Wilde’s Salome (1905), Berg’s Wozzeck (1917-21), and Brecht/Weill’s The Threepenny Opera (1926). There is little doubtRead More Overview of Behavioral Economics Essay2366 Words   |  10 Pageson the decision making of the economy. This tends to be the way that people think and feel when they are spending money on a certain good or service. The great economist Adam Smith was the first follower of this idea through his book â€Å"The theory of moral sentiments† which dates back to 1759. However, it took over 100 years to get a more clarified meaning of how big of a role the psychology of a buyer plays in economics. In behavioural economics there are seven basic principles which all contribute

The Right Of Physician Assisted Suicide - 1968 Words

The Right to Physicians Assisted Suicide Brittany Micceri Dominican College Dr. Bonk November 15, 2015 The Right To Physician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide, or PAS, has always been a very controversial topic. This touches upon the healthcare side of the large spectrum of social problems today in America. An individuals view on this issue might vary depending on their political ideology. Modern conservatives might not necessarily agree with physician assisted suicide because of their traditional beliefs and values. Conservatives might say it is wrong because it goes against the teachings of the bible which states a life is created at the moment of conception and is always precious.†¦show more content†¦These states include Vermont, Washington, New Mexico, Montana, and Oregon. Euthanasia is similar to the practice of physician assisted suicide, except instead of the physician ending the patients life, as preformed in euthanasia, the patient does it on his or her own. At the patients request, a certified physician may help a patient end their life pain free and peacefully. This process however can only be requested by a patient if they are in extreme pain and suffering, and especially if they have a terminal illness. While gathering and reviewing research I discovered an interesting statistic. According to the website Edlink an informational site about issues related to PAS which is hosted by Northwestern University, â€Å"57% of physicians practicing today have received a request for physician assisted suicide in some form or another† (Physician-Assisted Suicide - Introduction). Thats over half of all physicians. I as a liberal, believe everyone should have the right to physician assisted suicide. Some people in society claim that PAS is only socially acceptable if a patient is terminally ill or is in painful suffering. In addition, it is a physicians moral imperative to ease a patients suffering which if the patient requests, could mean ending their life. The argument of PAS relies a lot on the patient’s respect for themselves, which identifies the rights of capable patient’s to decide how and when their death should occur when they are suffering

The Impact of Greek Mythology on Western Culture - 5592 Words

I. Background Information of Greek Mythology Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to, and study, the myths, in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece, its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself. And Greek mythology is embodied in a large collection of narratives, and implicitly in Greek representational arts, such as vase-paintings and votive gifts. Greek myth attempts to explain the origins of the†¦show more content†¦The heroes are like other human beings but have either done something which makes them excel over others or have a gift that others do not possess. On the other hand the mythological creatures are mainly like animals and monsters. Many have characteristics like an animal or a monster along with a few human features. Few of them possess supernatural powers too. In myths we come across many names of gods and goddesses and strange creatures. All of them have many stories related to them. Different gods represent different aspects of life and the Earth is under their control. Now I will illustrate some of the gods and creatures in Greek Mythology. Zeus, he was the king of the gods and the supreme ruler of people. He originally was a god of the sky. In time, the Greeks regarded him as the only god who concerned him-self with the whole universe. They also associated Zeus with justice and believed that he punished the wicked and rewarded the good. He belonged to the race of Titans, and was the son of Cronus and Rhea. After overthrowing Cronus, Zeus took his fathers place and ruled from Mount Olympus. He headed a family of twelve major gods, called the Olympians. Apollo, he was an important god in Greek and Roman mythology. In Greek myths he was the son of Zeus - the king of all gods. Apollo was the god of light, purity, and the sun. The Greeks andShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Ancient Greek Mythology on Modern Society Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greek society fell over 2000 years ago but despite this, its mythology still continues to influence our western society. References to Greek mythology can be found all through time and in our western culture. The influence of Greek mythology can be found in our science, arts and literature and our language. When Ancient Greece fell to the Roman Empire, Rome adapted its mythologies which still influence us today as they have through history. That is not to say that Greek mythology wasn’t influencedRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s The Lion King1055 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern era s most famous books and movies trace back to the Greek myths. Medicines are named after the character s of famous myths. Businesses choose the names of their companies and products from the ancient myths, lores, and various deities. Everyday phrases reference the centuries-old stories. Today, Greek mythology can be found in modern medicine, businesses, and language. Names of various Greek deities and other symbols from mythology have maneuvered their way into modern medicine. MorphineRead MoreGreek Mythology : The Origin Of The Stars And Sky1528 Words   |  7 PagesGreek mythology was very important in many cultures throughout the world and was utilized to clarify the earth and its circumstances in which mankind lived, the normal wonders they identified and how constellations explained the why the movement of the stars and sky were important in the lives of the Greeks. Greek mythology contained information about the livelihood of these gods and goddesses, humankind after death and simply how to live a joyous life. The geography of Greece also shaped Greek mythologyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Ancient Greece1107 Words   |  5 Pagescity states. Mythology was very huge in Ancient Greece. There are so many different folktales and myths from Ancient Greece. Do you ever wonder if any of those ancient Myth’s were true? Ever believe that those myths still help shape society today? 1. Burrell, Roy. The Greeks. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. This book explains how the Minoans helped influence Ancient Greek mythology in many ways. Most people believe that the Ancient Greece used the Minoans and their culture to help shapeRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1693 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The ancient Greeks were a deeply religious people. They worshipped many gods whom they believed appeared in human form and yet were endowed with superhuman strength and ageless beauty. The Iliad and the Odyssey, our earliest surviving examples of Greek literature, record men s interactions with various gods and goddesses whose characters and appearances underwent little change in the centuries that followed. The Greeks attributed these epic narratives to Homer, a poet living at the end of the 8thRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe889 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantlyRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe883 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantly onRead MoreCultural Context Of The Temple Of Athena1745 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the influence of culture to a classic building Liujingya 2016-4-21 6714415 â€Æ' Contents ï  ¬ Introduction ï  ¬ Main body 1. Establishment of the temple 2. Related politics and art 3. Culture development ï  ¬ Conclusion Cultural influence of the temple of Hera It is very clear that ancient buildings can be a part of the evidence to show what happed in the history. As a part of ancient culture, architectural languages have the significant vale in both culture and construction. The templeRead MoreOrder From Chaos : Analyzing And Evaluating The Hellenic Creation Myth Through The Lens Of Biblical Tradition1384 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical Tradition Greek mythology is often understood through the lens of analyzing a dead religion; it is assumed that the influence of such myths is passive and fixed, only effecting the lives of those already long gone, whereas the very nature of such myths is to be active, dynamic, and illuminative. I, like many others with Greek heritage, rarely engage actively with the ancient Hellenic myths. Despite this, it is valuable to understand their place in the broader western culture as a counterpointRead More Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pageshas ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the government, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was founding in 753 B.C. by two brothers Remus and Romulus who were raised by wolves. The two brothers started fighting over the leadership of the land. Eventually Romulus killed

Gang Leader for a Day Essay - 2388 Words

Gang Leader For A Day SECTION 1 1.) How would you respond if a graduate student from an elite university turned up at your door and announced his intention to study you? If a graduate student from an elite university showed up at my door with intentions to study me, I think that I would allow him access. I would like the chance to hear what they had to say about my lifestyle. I’ve always questioned the way I live and if other peoples lives’ are similar. I don’t think that I live an odd life, but it would be interesting to see how a stranger viewed it. I know at first that I’d be a lot like J.T. in regard to certain aspects of my life. I wouldn’t behave the way I always do, I’d be on my best behavior at least until we†¦show more content†¦In the Black Kings, there is a â€Å"board of directors† who I’d say are the equivalent of a large business owner. Things get done the way they want it done, and they stand to make the most profit. Then you have the à ¢â‚¬Å"Captains† and â€Å"Lieutenants† who would act like the CEO’s. They have a lot of the power, but there is still someone above them that hands them orders and who can fire them. The ranks continue like this until you get all the way down to the bottom. In the case of a business the lowest ranking would be the intern or an assistant and in the Black Kings it’d be the young boys or â€Å"foot-soldiers† that do the heavy lifting and clean up. It’s very business like in that the higher up the ranks you’re able to move, the more money you’ll be able to make. Also, the rival gangs are competing with one another, to see who can make the most money, just as large corporations do. So, I think this was a great comparison. However, when you get down to it, illegal is still illegal. It makes no difference to me if it’s the gang-banger or the CEO committing the illegal act, they should both be punished. It also stands to reason t hat they’d organize a gang the same way as a business, since they both have the same goal; money. 4.) In chapter two, Venkatesh and J.T. argue about whether a culture of poverty exists among poor blacks in America. In your opinion, does Gang Leader for a Day do more toShow MoreRelatedGang Leader For A Day957 Words   |  4 Pagescompared to only 5.4% of unemployed white people (Street,2007). These statistics represent racial inequality which caused a lot of internal, and external damage to the black population. Rogue Sociologist, Sudhir Venkatesh’s (2008) novel called Gang Leader for a Day, reveals this disparity. In 1989 Sudhir participated in qualitative research, by studying the lives of people from the projects of Chicago. The projects are a subsidized housing development, provided by the government which requires low rentRead MoreGang Leader for a Day Essay2292 Words   |  10 PagesInnovate Your Life In the book, Gang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh, a sociology student from the University of Chicago starts out simply trying to understand â€Å"how it feels to be poor and black,† and ends up spending years and years figuring out the ins and outs of a gang society (Venkatesh 14). Sudhir receives the chance of a sociologist’s lifetime to see first-hand what life is like in the projects. He follows gang leader, J.T. around and studies his life at the Robert Taylor homes forRead MoreGang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh1376 Words   |  6 Pagesunfamiliar with the black culture within Chicago. In his book Gang Leader for a Day, he tells of his sociology research within one of the roughest housing projects in Chicago. Sudhir starts his research by talking to a few elderly gentlemen he played chess with at the park. His conversation with them led him to the Robert Taylor Housing Projects which was described as one of the worst Ghettos in America. His research began the first day he arrived with his clipboard of questionnaires ready to askRead MoreGang Leader for a Day: Book Review1413 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Gang Leader for a Day Book Review It takes a lot of guts and no small amount of courage and cunning to infiltrate a street gang in the tough neighborhoods of Chicago, but that is what Sudhir Venkatesh did as a 23-year-old graduate student at the University of Chicago. In order to find out first-hand how a gang that earns its money selling crack cocaine functions from the inside, Venkatesh dared to get involved on a superficial basis with the gang. But Venkatesh wasnt seen as person who wasRead MoreGang Leader For A Day : A Rogue Sociologist1589 Words   |  7 Pages Having read the book Gang Leader for a Day: a rogue sociologist takes to the streets by Venkatesh (2008), based on my childhood education (formal and informal), life circumstances, personal and professional life experiences, I perceive JT to be a lawbreaker. Moreover, based on how our society informally defines a criminal or lawbreaker, JT is clearly someone who does not or will not conform with our collective legal standards or requirements based o n the majority opinion of the wider publicRead MoreGang Leader For A Day Chapter Summary2784 Words   |  12 PagesAP English Language Ms. Donohue Gang Leader for a Day Chapter Summary CH. 1- Characters 1 s Name: Sudhir Venkatesh. Sudhir is Indian, he was born lived in California. He walks into the projects and stays overnight with a gang even though he knows he doesn t fit in.ï » ¿ Sudhir respects J.T. s rules and isn t intrusive with the gang. Sudhir is a university student wanting his degree in Sociology. Sudhir is also intelligent because he goes undercover into a gang for his project that will gain himRead MoreEssay about Gang Leader for a Day1786 Words   |  8 PagesIn the book, Gang Leader for a Day, a rogue sociologist passionately dives into the lives of one of Chicago’s toughest housing projects in an attempt to develop an insight as to how the urban impoverished lived. Throughout the text it becomes clear that a conflict paradigm is being reflected. A conflict society is based on social inequality, in which some individuals benefit and thrive more than others, which tends to lead to conflict and thus change. This is evident both in the housing projectsRead MoreThe Gang That The Author, Sudhir Venkantesh1148 Words   |  5 Pages I would describe the gang that the author, Sudhir Venkantesh, studies in this book as a deviant group because they are not following usual or accepted standards in social behavior. â€Å"Deviance is a behavior, trait or belief that departs from a norm and generates a negative reaction in a particular group†. (Real World, Kerry Ferris, Jill Stein, p 153) According to this definition we can definitely see gangs departing from a norm by committing many crimes and not obeying the laws. One example to deviantRead MoreSocial Control And Its Impact On America s Public Housing Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesChicago’s public housing soon found themselves in dilapidated, drug-infested, crime-filled, isolated centers of despair. During a time in which most American citizens could easily turn their eyes from the struggles of the poor, Sudhir Venkatesh’s Gang Leader for a Day took readers into the depths of the world in which the poor resided. Through Venkatesh’s wor k, readers are inadvertently introduced to broader sociological concepts such as, collective efficacy within communities, the concentration effect,Read MoreCentral Purpose And Core Theme1513 Words   |  7 Pages Central Purpose and Core Theme Author Sudhir Venkatesh wrote â€Å"Gang Leader for a Day† to produce an in-depth ethnography on how people make a living with the use of underground economies in marginalized communities. He does so by providing descriptions of encounters with a crack-selling gang named the Black Kings, operating in Chicago, Illinois’ projects. The central take Venkatesh uses to explain how one makes money and the most popular way that young African-American males made money was by selling

Food Safety & Environmental Health-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Implement and Monitor Environmentally Sustainable Work Practices. Answer: Hospitality is an important sector or industry since it requires good environmentally sustainable workplace practice. Since hospitality industry heavily considers environmental health, development of environmental sustainable policies is therefore important for any organization that has hospitality aspects such as kitchen or restaurant. There are some aspects of environmental sustainable regulation that regulate the hospitality industry especially kitchen operations. Some of the regulations are environmental health, energy usage and environmental safety. Firstly, environmental health regulations within the hospitality consider the healthy practices in the workplace and hygiene. Department of health regulate sanitation, water quality and waste disposal (Department of Health 2017). For instance, hospitality organization must be certified by department of health through environmental health council and issue license that permits operations. Secondly, department of energy provides energy efficiency usage regulations, appliances energy usage and environmental rating system. Benchmark includes usage of national environmental rating system to assess energy, water, waste and indoor environment. Thirdly, environmental safety is another aspect of environmental regulation that considers provision of services that are environme ntally safe to customers (Thomas, 2016). Some of the current workplace policies and procedures within the hospitality industry include health rating, efficient energy usage, and environmental hygiene and food storage policies. Firstly, the department of health in collaboration with hospitality association provides clear guideline and policies that ensure healthy hospitality operations. For instance, department of health outline the health rating procedure for workplace that rate to food usage, food safety and disposal of food remains or waste (Australian Institute of Food Safety, 2017). Secondly, the energy usage policy provides the procedures for assessing and ensuring of clear energy, appliances energy consumption and environmental pollution reduction procedures. Thirdly, environmental hygiene policies ensure that the environmental conditions within and around the kitchen is clean, sanitation assessment procedures and proper waste disposal guidelines or procedures. Fourthly, food storage is another hospitality area with c lear policies that state that proper food storage with safety considerations and pollution free system is the best sustainability workplace practice (ACT Government, 2017). The three workplace policies and procedures that can be identified within the kitchen include proper waste management, energy usage and food storage policies. Firstly, commercial kitchen comply with health policies that require hospitality industry to observe environmental hygiene and sanitation (Work Health and Safety and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2014). The kitchen is properly designed with good waste disposal system and clean water. Secondly, the kitchen complies with energy policies that require efficient energy usage and clean energy consumption with minimal pollution. Kitchen uses energy sources such as gas and electricity for both lighting and heating. Thirdly, the kitchen also upholds food storage policies that provide good food storage requirements with minimal environmental pollution. The components of workplace procurement or purchase policies are transparency policies, workplace safety and food storage policies. Firstly, when purchasing equipments or foods that are sold within the hospitality facility, the procedure should be clear and transparent. Secondly, equipment purchased need to be safety to user with minimal capability to pollute the environment. Thirdly, food purchase policies also provide the necessary storage requirement prior to purchase and after purchase with main focus on perishability of food stuffs (Clark, 2006). Some of the possible environment and resource issues that may be cause by procurement or purchase policies include safety of the equipments, waste management and resource utilization. Firstly, transparency purchase and procurement of equipments and food indicate that the equipment purchased are safer to use and has clear environmental implications. Secondly, food purchase and procurement policies ensure low food wastage due to spoilage, unhealthy food or unclean food that eventually pollutes the environment. Finally, proper purchase procedure and policies ensure proper utilization of financial resources and limited resource wastage. Area of operation process review Brief description of issue Estimated size or amount Usage of food, liquid ingredients in kitchen Foods are cooked or served raw as fruits Usage of electricity, gas and water The kitchen uses various electrical appliances such as oven, refrigerators and entertainment systems. Gas is also used for heating and cooking of food Many electrical appliances, equipments and tools Disposal of waste materials Kitchen garbage storage, disposal area Waste within the kitchen are disposed mainly to the main garbage located behind the kitchen 1 garbage or waste disposal area Recycling reusing Kitchen garbage storage/ disposal Some of the waste such as used containers are also reused as storage containers Storage of stock Food stock storage is mainly done on the deep freezers and refrigerators 4 storage equipments There are some external specialist sources that can also assist in advising the commercial kitchen on environmental and resource issues. Some of the specialists are environmental specialist and external auditors. External auditors provide the financial resource advice on procurement and purchase to ensure transparency, clear and limited resource wastage. Environmental specialists are good in assessment and advising on the environmental implication of various equipments purchased or food purchased. In collaboration with energy specialist, environmental specialists offer the best energy sources that can be purchase for used in the commercial kitchen (Kates, 2010). According to the inspection of the commercial kitchen there are three main areas that were inspected, health, environment and procurement. Firstly, health assessment process was done on food, kitchen environment and sanitation to assess the healthy conditions present in the kitchen. One of the internal sources of information is the health permit or license and health assessment records available in the management office. External source of information used include health regulation codes, health policies available from Department Of Health. Environmental review process checked on waste disposal, sanitation and energy efficiency to ensure there is minimal environmental pollutions. Thirdly, procurement process transparency process gives the guidelines that are used to source food and other equipments used within the kitchen (Bell Morse, 2008). During kitchen inspection, some of the environmental sustainability and resource usage issues identified are food usage, energy consumption, waste disposal and food storage. Firstly, food usage is important aspect of kitchen operation and environmental sustainability since it ensure food are properly utilized to avoid wastage that result in environmental pollution. Secondly, the kitchen uses electricity and gas for energy and energy consumption especially use of electricity and gas makes up clean energy that comply with energy regulations policies. Thirdly, waste disposal and waste management are other important aspect of environmental issues within the kitchen. Finally, food storage is another issues that touches both environment and resource management (White, Stallones Last, 2013). In order to address the issues identified in the kitchen there is need for continuous environmental health assessment procedures and proper food stock management system. Firstly, despite the clearly set health regulation compliance policies, there is need for continuous environmental health assessment to ensure that sanitation and waste management is done accordingly. This also makes the kitchen management and the staffs accountable of the waste disposal procedures used in the kitchen. Secondly, food stock management within the kitchen needs some improvements. As per the inspection, a lot of food is still wasted due to improper management especially cooked food that now has low storage life (Satin, 2008). Some of the recommendations for improvement include proper food usage, low energy consumption, waste disposal and food storage. There is need for proper food usage that minimizes wastage and this requires that food heating equipments such as oven are purchased within low energy requirement as compared to current oven. This will keep the temperature of cooked foods at the required level to avoid cooking more food. Secondly, before purchasing heating and lighting equipments their energy consumption ability need to be assessed so as to purchase only those with low energy requirement. Thirdly, though the kitchen has good waste disposal procedures, most of food waste especially leftovers still are not properly managed and there is need for properly disposing food wastes (Krebs, 2001). Finally, food storage in kitchen make use of deep freezers though this is also attached to high energy consumption. The procurement and purchase system need to be designed that incorporate good storage for p urchased food and before purchase to avoid buying already spoiled food. Assessment 1 The kitchen environmental sustainability and resource usage efficiency inspection records can be grouped into energy usage as shown below Assessment 2 Commercial kitchen uses various appliances that were identified during environmental sustainable and resource usage efficiency. The commercial kitchen uses various appliances such as refrigerators or deep freezers, oven, entertainment units and other appliances. These appliances use electricity as source of energy. Electricity usage does not pollute environment hence one of the best strategy that is sustainable to environment. References ACT Government (2017), accessible at https://www.health.act.gov.au/public-information/businesses/food-safety-regulation The Australian Government, Department of Health (2017), Food Safety and Environmental Health, accessible at: https://www.health.gov.au/ Clarke, R. King, J. (2006), The Atlas of Water. London: Earthscan Clark, D. (2006), A Rough Guide to Ethical Living. London: Penguin. Bell, S. Morse, S. (2008), Sustainability Indicators. Measuring the Immeasurable? 2nd edn. London: Earthscan. Australian Institute of Food Safety (2017), Food Safety Laws Accessible at: https://www.foodsafety.com.au/resources/videos/food-safety-laws Kates, R.W., ed. (2010), Readings in Sustainability Science and Technology an introduction to the key literatures of sustainability science CID Working Paper No. 213. Center for International Development, Harvard University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, December 2010 Krebs, C.J. (2001), Ecology: the Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Sydney: Benjamin Cummings. Satin, M. (2008), Food alert!: the ultimate sourcebook for food safety (2 ed.). New York, NY: Facts On File. Thomas, S. A. (2016), The Nature of Sustainability. Chapbook Press. Grand Rapids, Michigan White, F; Stallones, L; Last, J.M. (2013), Global Public Health: Ecological Foundations. Oxford University Press. Work Health and Safety and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2014 No. 14 pts 1, 3 date of assent 9 April 2014 ss 12 commenced on date of assent remaining provisions commenced 16 May 2014 (2014 SL No. 59)

Criticism of to a waterfowl Essay Example For Students

Criticism of to a waterfowl Essay The poems of Bryant may be classed, with regard to their subjects:those expressing a universal interest, relative to the great conditions of humanity, types of nature symbolical of these, as the Winds; poems of a national and patriotic sentiment, or expressive of the heroic in character, as the Song of Marions Men. Of these, probably the most enduring will be those which draw their vitality more immediately from the American soil. In these there is a purity of nature, and a certain rustic grace, which speak at once the nature of the poet and his subject. Symbolic images of nature abound in his verses. Here Id like to share some of my observation of some of the poem to a waterfowl. Whither, midst falling dew, While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue Thy solitary way? Whitherto what place. We have to read the whole stanza to complete the question. The author delays the meaning so long by putting in the description of time and place to create a feeling of distance to the destination. And thee, thou, thythese are all poetic ways of saying you in the singular form. In a sense, focusing on a single distinctive you with no possibility of it being the plural you. So, maybe it is more than just poetic diction, but the emphasis of solitude. Seekst thou the plashy brinkOf weedy lake, or marge of river wide, Or where the rocking billows rise and sink On the chafed ocean side? Rubbed away by friction, constant irritation. Here are three different possible destinations for the waterfowl. they have something in common. There is a Power whose careTeaches thy way along that pathless coast, The desert and illimitable air, Lone wandering, but not lostIf he is speaking of God (what kind of god?), why does he call him a Power? Birds migrate because of natural instinctswhat is the connection to a Power here? He might imply that Nature and God are identified Again, notice the emphasis on Lone. In the fifth stanza, cold thin atmosphere, stoop, weary, and welcome land contrast sharply. which adds to the picture of the bird both concretely and symbolically. this birds flight is beginning to represent the lonely and lifelong struggle of the writer himself in hope of finding his welcome land. Thourt gone, the abyss of heaven Hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given, And shall not soon depart. This stanza sounds a little didactic to me. The poet clearly warns the reader that a lesson is coming. Romantic poetry is usually more subtle than that, although it does often find human, even spiritual truths in natural events. The abyss of heaven is NOT a word we often see associated with heaven! What does that suggest about his view of heaven? Does he mean that the immeasurably profoundity of heaven will always be an unfathomable chasm to him, totally beyond his kent. In the last stanza, the word alone is found again. waterfowl ordinarily travel in groups, or at least in pairs. But it is important (and meaningful) that this bird is alone. It reveals the poets feeling about his own life. Although the last verse suggest that he has found comfort in this poem, but the word must tread alone also add some hints of shadows and conflict here. Bryant fastened upon the genial influences of nature about him. As the present world was becoming more threatening and alienating to writers ,Individual solitude became a strand among them. So much of the greatest writing of these two hundred years is in the form of individuals alone, standing off by themselves, meditating on their own fate, William Cullen Bryants To a Waterfowl. Here perhaps better than in any other unit can we see writers living in an age of progress and democracy turning inward-and often to nature-in search of consolation.